使用not only...but also 的注意事項

not also 是英語中常見的一對連詞, 相當中文的“不僅……而且”。Not only…but also是英語中較爲常見的一個關聯詞組。由於它的用法比較複雜，本文擬對其用法及其使用中應注意的問題作一歸納。

　　1.”not only A but also B”結構中的A和B通常是同等成分。由於同一成分常常由同一詞類的詞來擔任，所以A與B常常也是同一詞性，這從本文第一部分的例句中即可看到。但是，也有A與B屬於不同詞性的情形。如：”He is not only very clever, but also a very hard worker, and he likes to do everything well.(他不但聰明，而且能下功夫。他喜歡把每一件事都做得很好。)其中A是形容詞，B是名詞，但兩者均在句中作表語，因此仍是正確句子。然而，在“He not only plays the piano, but also the violin.”一句中，A是動詞，B是名詞，不是同一成分，因此語法學家認爲此句有點欠妥，至少在書面語中就是如此。如改爲“He plays not only the piano, but also the violin”就無懈可擊了，再看下面二例：

The surprise grant not only enabled Dad to finish A&T, but to graduate first in his class.這筆意外的獎學金不僅使我父親能讀完農業和技術學院，而且畢業成績名列榜首。

only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.

2.有人認爲，not only…but also不能用於否定句。漢語中用於否定句中的“不但…而且”在英語中要用as well as 表示。如“不但我不想看戲，而且他也不想看戲”可譯作“He, as well as I, doesn’t want to see the play.”不過，這條規則也有例外，請看下面二例：

Not only did none of us know how the crime was to be committed, we didn’t even know what the crime was to be!

Not only don’t I know the population of Nepal, I don’t know where in god’s world it is!我不但不知道尼泊爾人口，而且連它究竟在哪裏也不知道!

這兩個例句有幾個共同點：都是連接否定分句，都是倒裝句，都沒有用but also。下面一例出自一位美國作家之手，所不同的是，not only…but連接的是並列謂語，第一個動詞是否定的，第二個動詞則是肯定的：

Nonetheless, as he described Mary’s attitudes her accomplishments, he found himself wishing that she cared more about the police side of his life than she seemed to, that she might understand it as intimately, say, as the woman opposite him. But this motion seemed to him so disloyal to Mary that he not only did not articulate it, but at once tried to suppress it.