雅思閱讀答題技巧詳解
在雅思考試的四個單項中，閱讀部分是題型相對多樣化的一個科目。要想提高自己的閱讀能力，掌握方法很重要。下面是小編給大家分享的幾個雅思閱讀技巧，大家可以作爲參考。
一、掃讀(Scanning)
掃讀採用跳讀的方法，其目的是把握文章細節，有針對性地從文章中迅速找出所需的關鍵信息。通過掃讀技巧的運用，可以較快地定位問題的答案。在經過掃讀定位答案後，必須對重點信息進行精讀，從而找到正確答案。不要在無關信息或陌生單詞詞組上花費太多時間。在閱讀考試過程中，時間把握是至關重要的。請參考以下題型：
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin's ability as a student of chemistry.
2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.
3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.
以上三題是雅思閱讀中最常見的細節題(判斷)。通過題幹上的具體信息，包括人名，專業名詞、機構和職業，我們可以通過掃讀的方式在段落中迅速定位到這些幾乎不會被替換的目標信息。請參考原文：Cambridge9 Test1 Passage1
Paragraph 2
......As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist's enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.
Paragraph 3
At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant......
通過掃讀定位詞我們將目標信息定位在文章的第二和第三段，並可以預判出前三題大致的信息分佈位置，所以掃讀技巧有助於考生們在答題時先獲得“位置感”，從而避免了因無法找到信息而產生的緊張焦慮。
二、略讀(Skimming)
略讀採用速讀的方法，其目的是爲在最短時間內掌握文章段落的主旨大意，辨識文章結構，瞭解故事背景或論文的中心論點。略讀技巧在雅思閱讀考試中主要用於主旨配對題(List of Headings)，尤其是在某些首尾句意思不明確，且無法首尾呼應的複雜段落中，這項技巧特別適用。請參考以下題型：Cambridge7 Test1 Passage2
List of Headings
i.Scientists' call for a revision of policy
ii.An explanation for reduced water use
iii.How a global challenge was met
iv.Irrigation systems fall into disuse
v.Environmental effects
vi.The financial cost of recent technological improvements
vii.The relevance to health
viii.Addressing the concern over increasing populations
ix.A surprising downward trend in demand for water
x.The need to raise standards
xi.A description of ancient water supplies
Paragraph D
The consequences of our water policies extend beyond jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to move from their homes – often with little warning or compensation – to make way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20% of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered because dams and water withdrawals have destroyed the free-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. Groundwater aquifers[ underground stores of water] are being pumped down faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, China, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources have led to violence and continue to raise local, national and even international tensions.
概括本篇文章D段的主旨頗有難度。開頭前兩句分別出現了health和Tens of millions of people的信息，很容易迷惑考生去選vii或viii兩項，但是段落中根本沒有重複出現關於health和people之類的信息，並且首尾句內容也不呼應;因此需要考生們把握整段的主要內容，即該段重複提到的相關信息。速度段落中間的細節信息，我們可以提取出重複信息，即魚類、河流生態系統、土壤質量和地下含水層等幾乎都受到破壞，所以通過對以上信息加以概括，我們就不難得出本段內容都涉及到環境(Environmental)，故答案選v.Environmental effects。另外，我們在速度本段主要內容是會發現有irrigation practices這個細節信息，同時說到了灌溉系統對土壤的破壞，因此很容易誤選iv.Irrigation systems fall into disuse這個看似很有道理的選項;但是這僅僅是環境影響的一部分，不能看作是概括整段的主旨，屬於斷章取義，以偏概全。
總之，以上兩種主流閱讀技巧對考生們提出了不同的要求，即掃讀定位細節信息，略讀把握主旨大意。除此之外，我繼續向大家介紹另外兩種閱讀“小技巧”，幫助考生們在答題時“隨機應變”。
三、指代關係(Matching References)
指代詞又稱“紐帶詞”，它們連接了前後句，使句意串聯了起來，從而起到了“承上啓下”的作用。因此，在找到定位詞的前提下，我們不妨關注其前後句中指代詞的存在，另闢蹊徑將文中的解題信息延伸下去。指代詞的常見表達形式有it/this/that/these/those/some等。所以，我們來分析一下這些指代詞在不同題型中發揮的“紐帶”作用。
請參考以下例題：Cambridge 8 Test1 Passage 3
Flaw
Positive results could be produced by factors such as 34______ or 35______.
這兩題屬於表格填空。我們可以將Flaw和Positive results作爲定位詞，在文中找到大致位置;另外，通過空格前的such as可以判斷兩題的詞性都是名詞，且並列關係。請參考原文：
Paragraph 4
The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real evidence for telepathy. But there was a crucial flaw in this argument – one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas of science. Just because chance had been ruled out as an explanation did not prove telepathy must exist; there were many other ways of getting positive results. These ranged from 'sensory leakage' – where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver – to outright fraud.
定位詞可以在段落中輕鬆找到原詞，但positive results所在句子中不能找到一組並列關係的名詞;而後面一句的主語these則指代了之前的positive results，所以句意便得到了延伸。通過該句中的詞組ranged from...to...，我們就不難發現其中所包含的兩個對象sensory leakage和outright fraud屬於產生積極結果的因素，即是正確答案。
請再看一例：Cambridge 12 Test8 Passage 2
18. According to the author, what distinguishes rewilding from other environmental campaigns?
A. Its objective is more achievable.
B. Its supporters are more articulate.
C. Its positive message is more appealing.
D. It is based on sounder scientific principles.
本題屬於較複雜的細節題(單選)。題幹信息提出了一個對比，即rewilding(放歸)和environmental campaigns(環保活動)間的區別，所以distinguish是我們在題幹中要重點關注的詞。請參考原文：
Paragraph 6
Rewilding is a rare example of an environmental movement in which campaigners articulate what they are for rather than only what they are against. One of the reasons why the enthusiasm for rewilding is spreading so quickly in Britain is that it helps to create a more inspiring vision than the green movement's usual promise of 'Follow us and the world will be slightly less awful than it would otherwise have been.'
第六段整段介紹了rewilding(放歸活動)的特點。首先，該活動的參與者會表明自己所支持的事物，這僅僅告訴我們其傳遞了正能量;其次又提到了該活動在英國很受歡迎，這些只是一個籠統的概念，並非對比。此時，就需要考生能更細心地發現句中用的指代詞it,將其與rewilding聯繫起來，再通過後面的比較級形式a more inspiring vision than(一個比...更鼓舞人心的願景)，符合了題幹中的distinguish，該信息符合C選項中的positive、more appealing(更吸引人)。
四、單詞理解(Words Understanding)
詞彙理解是閱讀考試的基本功，也是提高閱讀速度的關鍵因素之一。具備一定的詞彙量不但有助於細節信息的準確理解，而且有助於段落主旨的總體把握。在閱讀過程中難免遇到生詞，因此掌握推測的方法是閱讀中的必要技能，並幫助考生突破答題瓶頸。詞義推測可以通過多種方法進行，筆者這裏主要介紹一項最便於考生們理解的方法，即前後並列關係利用。
請參考以下例題：Cambridge 9 Test2 Passage 3
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
35. If you think in an iconoclastic way, you can easily overcome fear.
Paragraph 6
The problem with novelty, however, is that it tends to trigger the brain's fear system. Fear is a major impediment to thinking like an iconoclast and stops the average person in his tracks. There are many types of fear, but the two that inhibit iconoclastic thinking and people generally find difficult to deal with are fear of uncertainty and fear of public ridicule......
以上就是小編爲大家分享的“雅思閱讀答題技巧詳解”，希望可以給大家在學習英語過程中帶來幫助，如果需要了解更多的雅思英語學習資訊，可以登錄滬江網。
