初一英語語法過去完成時練習
去完成時(The Past Perfect Tense)：表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作，對過去的某一點造成的某種影響或是結果，接下來小編爲大家介紹初一英語學習的相關內容，一起來看看吧!
一、概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作，即"過去的過去( past-in-the-past )"。
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那時以前 那時 現在
二、常搭配的時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month„),etc.
三、基本結構：had + 動詞的過去分詞(done). (had通用於各種人稱)
否定形式：had + not + 動詞的過去分詞done.
一般疑問句：had放於句首。
例句：She said she had never been to Paris. 她說她從未去過巴黎。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。
四、過去完成時的判斷依據
1. 由時間狀語來判定
一般說來，各種時態都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：
( 1 ) by + 過去的時間點。
如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時間點。
如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 過去的時間點。
如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由"過去的過去"來判定。
過去完成時表示"過去的過去"，是指過去某一動作之前已經發生或完成的動作，即動作有先後關係，動作在前的用過去完成時，在後的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現在：
( 1 )賓語從句中
當賓語從句的主句爲一般過去時，且從句的動作先於主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
( 2 )狀語從句中
在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發生有先後關係，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在後的要用一般過去時。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意： before, after 引導的時間狀語從句中，由於 before 和 after 本身已表達了動作的先後關係，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
( 3 )表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3. 根據上、下文來判定。
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
五、過去完成時的主要用法
1. 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成或結束，即發生在"過去的過去"。如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒來時，雨已經停了。(主句的動作發生在"過去的過去")
2. 過去完成時是一個相對的時態，表示的是"過去的過去"，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如：
He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 發生在 told 之前 )
3. 過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時間副詞及 by ， before ， until等引導的短語或從句連用。
如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4. 過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態在過去某時之前已經開始，一直延續到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結束，仍然有繼續下去的可能。
By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
( had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續進行下去的可能)
六、過去完成時與現在完成時的區別
現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去，但側重對現在產生的結果或造成的影響，與現在有關，其結構爲"助動詞 have (has) + 過去分詞";過去完成時則是一個相對的時態，它所表示的動作不僅發生在過去，更強調"過去的過去"，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，纔用到它。試比較：
I have learned 1000 English words so far
到目前爲止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那時爲止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。
- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。
- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
沒什麼，我只等了幾分鐘。("等"的動作從過去某一時間點持續到現在)
- John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。
- Where had he been?
他去哪兒了?(答語中使用過去完成時是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即"過去的過去")
七、過去完成時與一般過去時的區別
雖然這兩種時態都表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態，但在使用時應注意以下幾點：
1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調"過去的過去";而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間。試比較：
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標誌時，謂語動詞動作發生的時間先後須依據上下文來判斷：先發生的用過去完成時，後發生的則用一般過去時。如：
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 當兩個或兩個以上接連發生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時;另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導的從句中，由於這些連詞本身已經表示出時間的先後，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。如：
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.
特殊用法：過去完成時用法之表未曾實現的想法
過去完成時可表示過去未曾實現的想法和打算，通常連用的動詞是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等：
I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想來，但有事就沒有來。
I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想發言，但時間不允許。
We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didn’t. 我們本想你來看我們的，但你沒有來。
練習：
1. 單項選擇
asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone
C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the Army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed university B. has completed the university
B. had completed an university D. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.
11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done
12 ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work
13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed
14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/
15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns
16 turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left
_________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished
21. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on
22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works
23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.
A asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched
2.用動詞的適當形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).
4. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
5. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
6. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
7. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
8. When the chairman ____________ (finish) speaking, he __________ (leave)the hall.
I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
_______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
11. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
12. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
13. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
14. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.
初一英語學習方法
1、養成良好的預習習慣
課前預習是獨立獲得知識的前提，也是提高聽課效率的可靠保證。預習能減少聽課的盲目性，激發你的求知慾望。預習可使自己初步熟悉教材，發現疑點和難點，找出自己的薄弱點，爲下一步聽講作好充分的思想準備，並打下一定的基礎。
如何進行預習：
1) 找出該單元的中心話題，即該單元的中心內容。
2)明確本單元的知識要點：如語法項目、句型及詞彙，
3) 找出本單元的疑、難點。凡是在本單元出現而自己無法解決的知識點，即是重點，也可以說是難點。預習時，在書上作記號，標明重點、難點、疑點，並在筆記本上做好記錄，註明本單元的知識結構、重、難點和預習體會等。
2、養成課堂上記筆記、積極發言、大膽回答問題的習慣
學生在課堂上認真聽講，注意力高度集中，不開小差;保持強烈的求知慾，積極思考老師提出的問題，踊躍發言，努力解決在預習中存在的問題，並作好課堂筆記，重點突出，難點醒目，疑點鮮明。以便複習時可以查閱。努力在課內有目標有意識地去識記該課的生詞、短語、句型、重點句子。然後要注意一些語言在特定環境中的運用，特別是習慣表達法的運用。在運用中，要主動地用英語回答、討論和提出問題，並注意角色扮演或做遊戲等活動。初中生的英語知識主要還是從課堂上獲得。
教師起的只是導演作用，關鍵是需要學生作爲演員，積極投入，在參與的過程中提高聽說讀寫能力和語言運用能力。因此，學生養成良好的聽說讀寫訓練習慣尤爲重要，這是向課堂四十五分鐘要質量的根本保證。有一小部分的學生怕害羞、怕出差錯，不敢開口講，這會給初中英語學習帶來不利。俗話說：沒有缺點，就不會進步。學生應該注意模仿並主動與教師配合，做一名好演員。
不要怕出錯，今天說不好，不代表明天說不好;今天說得少，明天說得多，就是進步;別人這樣表達，你能那樣表達，你就有了創新。只有大膽實踐、體會，才能得到鞏固提高。
3、養成朗讀背誦英語的習慣
英語是一門有聲語言。學英語就要背誦，尤其是我們在母語環境下學習英語，首先要過好語音關。聽清楚了再發音，繼而進行朗讀、背誦。“讀書百遍，其義自見”就是其道理所在。在讀、背的過程中，可以做到詞不離句，句不離文，不知不覺間增強了語感，記牢了單詞、短語和句型，同時也培養了理解能力，其實朗讀背誦是學生記單詞的最佳途徑。因此，學過的句型、對話和課文要求學生朗讀和背誦，這是提高英語水平的根本保證。
