表示方位的英語短語
介詞+定冠詞the+名詞構成介詞短語的用法，介詞後面可以跟名詞和代詞做賓語，構成介詞短語。今天我們主要學習一下用來表示方位的介詞和介詞短語。
表示方位的介詞和介詞短語
1. on 介詞on表示“在某物之上”的意思，它通常表示一個物體在另一個物體之表面上面。兩者之間有接觸。
例如：Your book is on the desk. 你的書在課桌上面。
There is a ball on the floor. 地板上有個球。
拓展：above 和 over的區別
on指的有接觸面的上面，但是over和above都是沒有接觸面的上面。
over“在„„正上方”，與under相對。
例如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那張圖掛在黑板的正上方。 above只表示“在„„上方或位置高出„„”，不一定是正上方，與below相對。 例如：A plane flew above our heads. 一架飛機從我們頭上飛過。
The Turners live above us. 特納一家人住在我們的上面。
2. in
介詞in表示“在某物的裏面”，它通常表示一個物體在另外一個物體的內部、中間或者在某個範圍之內。
例如：Your pen is in the pencil case. 你的鋼筆在鉛筆盒裏面。
She is the tallest in her class. 她是她們班最高的。
3. under
介詞under表示“在某物的下面”，它通常表示一個物體在另外一個物體的垂直正下面，兩者之間沒有接觸。
例如：My bike is under the tree. 我的自行車在樹的下面。
The shoes are under the chair. 鞋在椅子的下面。
拓展：under和below 的區別
under表示“在„„之下”，通常表示位置處於正下方，與介詞over“在„„上方”相對應。
例如：There is a book under the table. 桌子下面有一本書。
A cat is sitting under the table.一隻貓在桌子下面。
below表示“在„„之下”，“在„„的下游”，與介詞above相對應，常指在某物體之下，但不一定在該物的正下方。
例如：He is below the average at school.他的學習成績在水準以下。
He looked down at the hall below. 他瞧了瞧下面的大廳。
4. behind 介詞behind表示“在某物的後面”，它通常表示一個物體在另外一個物體的後面。 例如：Your brother is behind the tree. 你的弟弟在樹的後面。
She is standing behind her mother. 她站在她媽媽的後面。
5. next to
next to是由形容詞next和介詞to構成的介詞短語表示“緊挨着、在某物的旁邊”的意思。
例如：The table is next to the wall. 桌子緊挨着牆。
6. between
介詞between表示某個物體、某人位於兩者之間，通常表示一個人、物處於另外兩個人、物之間。
例如：Your desk is between the door and the window. 你的課桌位於門和窗戶之間。 Lily sits between Mary and Ann. 麗麗坐在瑪麗和安中間。
拓展：between和among的區別
between指兩者之間, among指三者或三者以上的人或物之間。
例如：The teacher is among the students.老師在學生們中間。
7. outside
outside指“在„„外面”
例如：There are many people outside the room. 房間外有很多人。
What did you see outside the hall? 你在大廳外看見了什麼?
near在„„附近，與far相對
例如：A hospital was built near the railway station.在火車站附近建了一所醫院。 My home is near the school. 我的家離學校很近。
front of,in the front of
in front of 意爲“在„„前面” ,表示在物體外部的前面;in the front of表示“在„„前部”，指在物體內部的前面。
例如：A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一條河。
There is a boy in the front of the car. 車的前座坐着一個小男孩。
10. around around在„„周圍，圍繞
例如：There are many trees around the village.村子周圍有很多樹圍繞。 There are flowers around the stage. 舞臺周圍擺着鮮花。
11. at
“at”意爲“在„„”，可以用在地點前也可以用在時間前。 例如：Let’s meet at the school gate. 我們在學校門口見面吧。
I get up at seven o’clock. 我七點起牀。
鞏固練習
Ⅰ. 把下列詞組翻譯成英語。
1. 在沙發上_____________
2. 在桌子底下____________
3. 在你的揹包裏____________ 4. 在抽屜裏___________
5. 在教室(外部)前面__________
Ⅱ. 單項選擇。 1. Your computer is ______ to the door.
A. behind B. on C. in D. next
2. The map is ____ the wall ____ our classroom.
A. on; on B. of; on C. on; at D. on; of
3. Look! The window is _____ the wall and the picture is _____ the wall.
A. on; on B. in; in C. in; on D. on; in
4. -Where is my ball? I can’t see it. Look! It’s _____ the door.
A. on B. in C. at D. behind
5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile ______ her face.
A. on B. to C. in D. at
6. My father is ill (生病), He is ______.
A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed
7. There is a map of China ______ the wall in the classroom.
A. in B. on C. under D. at
8. There are three windows ______ the wall.
B. on C. at D. to
9. There are many oranges ______ the tree. A bird ______ the tree is eating an orange.
A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in
10.- What time do you usually go to bed?
- I usually go to bed ______ 11:00.
A. in B. on C. at D. for
11. We can see ______ old bike ______ the tree.
A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under
12. My hats and coats are ______.
A. on the bed B. under desk C. in room D. under the my bed
13. He put up a map ______ the back wall because there was a hole ______ it.
A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at
14. Don't read ____ the sun.
A. at B. under C. with D. in
15. The boat is passing___ the bridge.
A. through B. below C. under D. across
III. 用適當的介詞填空。
1. A boy is ____ the tree.
2. Can you pick(摘) the apples _____ the tree?
3. There is a picture _____ the wall.
4. There are two windows _____ the wall.
5. I live _____ Shanghai.
Ⅳ. 閱讀短文回答問題。
Tom’s room
It’s small but nice. A computer and some CDs are on the desk. His backpack is on the wall. The ID card is on his bed. The shoes are under the bed. A baseball is on the floor.
Sally’s room
It’s very nice. The new pictures are on the wall. Her desk is near the window. Some flowers are on the desk. Where is her schoolbag? Oh, it’s on the chair. We can’t see a hat on the bed, but we can see Mimi, her cat.
The twins’ room
It’s big and nice. Two pencil cases are on the desk. Many books are on the bookcase. It’s a big bed near the bookcase. One backpack is on the floor, and the other is on the chair. The jackets are behind the door. A picture of their father and mother is on the wall.
1. Tom’s ID card is _______ his bed, and his shoes are _______ the bed.
2. Sally’s cat is ________ her bed. Her schoolbag is _______ the chair.
3. The bookcase is ________ the twins’ room. The big bed is _______ the door.
4. Two pencil cases are ________ the desk in the twins’ room. 5. A picture of the twins’ parents is_______ the wall.
答案與解析
Ⅰ. 把下列詞組翻譯成英語。 1. on the sofa 2. under the desk 3. in your backpack 4. in the drawer
5. in front of the classroom
Ⅱ. 單項選擇。
1. D。本句子是考查介詞的用法，但是，介詞behind，on，in的後面用冠詞the和名詞、冠詞、介詞短語，不和to連用，所以本句子是用形容詞next和to連用表示“緊挨着、在旁邊”的意思。
2. D。本句子用介詞on和冠詞the，名詞wall構成介詞短語表示“在牆上”的意思，後面用介詞of構成名詞所有格，表示所屬關係，表示無生命的名詞所有格的形式用of，而不用’s形式。
3. C。本句子是考查介詞的用法，表示在某物的表面之上用介詞on;表示在某物內部用介詞in。窗戶是在牆的裏面所以用介詞in;畫是貼在牆的表面上，與牆接觸，所以用介詞on。
4. D。從對話前面的句子I can’t see it.和問句可以判斷後面的句子是用介詞behind表示“在門的後面”，所以選擇D是比較符合對話的上下句子意思和情景。
5. A。句意：“Sally 非常開心，她臉上滿臉微笑。”“在„„上”用介詞on。
6. A。in bed 表示“臥牀(睡覺)”，此時bed前無需加冠詞。
7. B。 地圖在牆上，故用介詞on。
8. A。窗戶是嵌在牆裏面的，故應該用介詞in。
9. D。長在樹上的東西用on;外來的東西用in。
10. C。點鐘前用介詞at。
11. D。句意：“我們可以看見樹下有一輛舊自行車。”;“一輛自行車”，故選不定冠詞，用因爲old以原音開頭，所以選an; “在„„底下”用介詞“under”。
12. A。可數名詞的前面應該加冠詞，所以排除B，C項;已經有代詞修飾時前面不用再加冠詞，故排除D項;因此選A。
13. C。地圖在牆的表面用介詞on;洞是在牆裏面，用介詞in。
14. D。句意：“不要在陽光下讀書。”;在陽光下不用under用in。
15. C。船從橋下經過，用介詞under。
III. 用適當的介詞填空。
1. 不是樹上結的果實，表示某物在樹上是要用in。
2. 樹上結的果實“在樹上”要用on。
3. 牆表面的上面，用介詞on。
4. 窗戶是鑲嵌在牆裏的，故用介詞in。
5. 住在哪裏，用介詞in。
Ⅳ. 閱讀短文回答問題。
1. on; under 2. on; on ; behind 4. on 5. on
