雅思口語Part 3難題全解
雅思口語Part 3的難度本身就是三個部分中最難的一個，考官一般會就考生第二部分的回答進行深入提問。既然叫深入提問，那當然就會是一些相對而言比較深奧的考題。這些考題對於考生的知識面和思維能力都有一定的要求，更爲讓考生頭痛的是，本來用中文來進行深入的探討以屬不易，更何況還要用英文來表述這些有深度的思想！所以考生通常談第三部分而色變，有人甚至對第三部分都不去做任何的複習，只一味聽天由命。但是第三部分的考題是一個考生真正能夠拿高分的關鍵，對於那些要分較高，希望能夠進入一些排名較好的大學的考生而言，第三部分的考題纔是讓自己脫穎而出的關鍵。
雅思第三部分的考題，從出題類型上來看有十個類型：原因論述、情況對比、時間對比、事物利弊、預測未來、場景演練、解決問題、影響效果、方式方法、觀點詢問。這十類考題的難度都不可小覷，每一個類型都代表着一種回答思路，也對應着一些相應的句型。所以，在這裏，朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將和大家一起來探討一下雅思第三部分的考題，並以十道最難考題爲例，來給大家做一下分析。
1. 原因論述類考題：
在回答這種類型的考題時，我們要首先搞清問題的重點，且一定要緊扣此重點，不能遊離出去。而且我們可以將考題的中心名詞進行分類，從細分出的小類別出發去探尋原因，這樣，思路就能更加開闊，更能做到有話可說。比如下面這道題：
What is the reason why family members do not eat together anymore?
在這一題中，中心考點名詞是family members，那麼我們就可以對其做一個breakdown，家庭成員分孩子，成年人和老人，他們都會有自己身不由己，無法和家人共同進餐的不同原因，至此，考題就可從不同層次得到解答。那麼在論述的過程中就一定會非常高頻的出現一些因果的表達法，如because, due to, owing to, the reason why…is that…, contribute to, lead to, give rise to, be attributed to, result from等。
{原創範例} One primary reason why families do not eat together anymore is that their work schedules are different from each other. Young people would prefer to spend more time with their friends so they come home very late at night. This is because when they were small, their parents spent most of their time working that they have no time to be with their kids to guide them. Differences in opinions and characters plus financial difficulties often are the causes of fights among husbands and wives.
2. 情況對比類考題：
應對這種考題，建議考生首先要找出所對比的兩者是什麼，隨即對兩者的劣勢和優勢進行討論，這類題目說穿了就是對於正反兩面的討論。因此，經常用到的詞就有advantages, benefits, merits, upsides, plus points, disadvantages, drawbacks, downsides, minus points等。下面這道考題就是一個很好的例子。
Should women stay at home or go out to look for jobs?
{原創範例} Women deserve as much rights to work as men. Given growing financial burden on an ordinary family and tough competition among job seekers, an extra source of income in the family would definitely mean a lot. However, contrary to what we may expect, many women now are actually pursuing the kind of life as a full-time housewife which only has been re-interpreted by modern women to mean relaxing, hassle-free and enjoyable life without lots of work in hand.
3. 時間對比
有些考題要求考生就一個問題的過去和現在分別進行論述並進行比較，這類題目就是時間對比類考題。對於這類考題，考生首先要注意在談論過去的狀況時要使用一般過去時，千萬不能出現時態使用混亂的狀況。此外，考生還需要將重點放在變化上。且通常過去和現在的狀況反差較爲強烈，所以需要使用轉折連接詞，如however, nevertheless, while, whereas等。比如下面這道考題曾經就難倒過一大批的考生：
Explain different attitudes towards marriage between people in the past and now
{原創範例} Well, this is also the kind of problem I am going to deal with probably for a couple of years to come. In the past, people, women in particular, generally revolved their life around giving birth and raising children. However people now are no longer seeing marriage and family as their only thing in life. With the availability of a wide range of entertainment parlors, young people prefer to enjoy their carefree life as a single person before they have to take a lot of responsibilities as a married one.
4. 事物利弊
事物的利弊是在這一章裏面所分析的所有可能在雅思口語第三部分所出現的題目類型裏面可以說是考察最爲頻繁的一種題目。它的答題思路和寫作Task 2的考題非常的相似，但是我們對於這種題目的熟悉程度較高並不意味着這些考題對我們來說就是很容易給出出色解答的。因爲口語考題的思考時間較短，我們必須要在很短的時間內搜索出足夠量的ideas纔可以過關，而我們通常可以從社會、經濟、文化、環境、教育、政治、心理、健康等方面去搜尋ideas，這種搜尋方法而是要在平時多加練習的。比如下面這道考題就分別從健康和經濟方面的好處進行了探討。
What are the advantages of people living in tourist attractions?
{原創範例} Well, the advantages for people who live in tourist attractions are pretty evident. For a starter, compared with cities where the pollution is getting unstoppably worse, life at tourist attractions is definitely good for health. Besides, the people there can make loads of money on tourism industry and a number of related industries like serving food in restaurants, selling souvenirs to tourists, among many others.
5. 預測未來
對於這類問題，建議考生首先應當注意時態的問題，一般會以將來時或虛擬語態爲主。而且考試不能天馬行空般的堆砌內容，而是要有事實依據的進行預測。雖然題目是要求考生展開對未來的展望，但是考生們應該根據現實的情況進行引申，對未來的預測的內容進行足夠的原因的闡述。比如下面這道考題就是一個很好的例子。
What should the government do to curb global warming?
{原創範例} Our planet is plagued with tons of environmental problems. Among them, global warming proves to be the most pressing environmental issue and frankly speaking, is, as we all can see, threatening every bit of our life. Hence, in my personal opinion, the government should assume primary responsibility to curb global warming and the most viable measure would be to cut it off at the source, which means the government has to come up with ways to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide discharged into the atmosphere. For instance, exhaust gas emitted is held largely accountable for the acceleration of global warming.
6. 場景演練
場景演練這類題目在雅思口語考試第三部分中考察的頻率相對較低，但此類題目所帶來的變化會非常的多。所謂場景演練就是考官現場給學生設置一個虛擬的場景，然後要求考生將自己置身其中來處理一些問題。這類考題出題相當靈活，因此提前做好準備的難度較高，需要依靠臨場發揮。那麼，考生就需要能夠靈活的利用各種各樣的答題技巧從而應對此類的題目，其中ideas的搜尋仍然是最爲重要的一個技巧，這個我們在第四點中已有論述。而下面這道題的答題就是從文化和健康方面進行作答的。
Let’s say you are in charge of selection process of the volunteers for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, what are you really looking in all the candidates?
{原創範例} Well, if I were to be in charge of the selection process of prospective volunteers for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, I’d probably be looking for a number of qualities in potential candidates. First, it’d be necessary if one could speak multiple languages. It’s understood that volunteers are expected to work with foreigners that may come from all over the world and it would be a big problem if there was a communication breakdown. Second, physical condition is another factor to be taken into consideration. The job requires volunteers to run around in the stadium for, perhaps, 8 hours in a row. Therefore, if one doesn’t have the strength and stamina needed, he or she should be crossed off the list.
7. 解決問題
問題解決類的考題一般較難，這類考題通常要求考生對一個社會問題提出一些可行的解決方案，這對那些沒有什麼社會經驗的學生來說是一個很大的挑戰。那麼針對這類考題，建議考生首先應該想的不是如何去解決，而是對這個問題做一個細分，如下面這道考題問的是如何推廣健康的生活方式。那麼這個措施所針對的社會問題就應該是不健康生活方式的泛濫，所以，我們首先要做的是把不健康的生活方式做一個細分，也就是，不健康的生活方式有哪些。在對問題進行了列舉之後再一一找出針對性的解答方案。下面這道題就抽菸和酗酒問題分別提供了兩條解決方案。
What can the government do to encourage a healthy lifestyle enjoyed by all?
{原創範例} There are a number of bad habits associated with modern people and that’s primarily the reason why health issues are gaining increasing attention among young adults among which, excessive smoking and drinking proved particularly dire. A plausible measure would be to impose a ban on the sales of cigarettes and boozes to under-aged teenagers. Another possibility would be to explicitly prohibit teenagers aged below 21 from setting foot in nightclubs and any cigarette or booze store caught in violation of the law would be seriously punished.
8. 影響效果
這類考題其實不像表面上看起來的那樣簡單。通常學生聽到這樣的考題的第一反應就是隻需要將影響闡述清楚就可以了，但是這種單純列舉影響效果的做法會對ideas的搜尋有很高的要求。也就是，通常我們一時無法找到那麼多可供列舉的影響來進行一一的論述。所以，針對這類考題，推薦給考生們一個比較好的處理方式就是將過去的狀況也一併向考官論述，這樣既能更好的承托出該影響所產生的效果又能很有水準的拖延時間。比如下面這道考題首先對高科技產品被髮明之前的狀況進行了闡述，然後再轉而敘述高科技產品誕生後的所帶來的巨大改變。
How have hi-tech products influenced music?
{原創範例} Unlike in the past when people are given the options of either listening to music played on radio stations or forking out a considerable sum of money to purchase tapes, the increasing popularity gained by high-tech products, among teenagers and young adults in particular, has dramatically transformed how the music is received and stored by the public. Quite a number of varieties of high-tech products have been designed to either play or store music, among which portable gadgets like ipod, mp3, mp4 and psp prove especially popular. It’s quite commonplace to see youngster riding the bus or walking in the streets with one earpiece stuck in their ear.
9. 方式方法
談論方式方法的考題，通常需要我們理論聯繫實際。也就是說不能夠只簡單列舉方法，而是要給每個方法配上一些實例，對於學生來講，能夠結合自己的經歷去進行論述就是上選。比如下面這道考題的解答中就給出了很生動的實例，從而使得整個回答非常的生動可信。
In what ways can teachers encourage students to focus on study?
{原創範例} Well，there is a number of ways teachers can adopt to encourage students to concentrate 100% of their efforts on academic study. A possible approach would be to resort to multi-media facilities such as overhead projector, computer terminal. My English teacher often play video clips to intrigue us because he knows full well that we can be easily bored with written words.
10. 觀點詢問
那些詢問觀點的考題也在我們的雅思考試中佔據了不少的比例。而分析認爲這類考題的解答通常需要各種技巧的綜合，講到這邊，我們能夠體會到所有的方法需要靈活的加以運用，才能夠獲得比較好的效果。最後，還是讓我們來看一看這道題的解答，其中給出了很多生動的實例，並且就健康和金錢的重要性分別作了論述，最後進行對比後得出結論。
Which one do you think is more important, health or wealth?
{原創範例} Well, for me personally, the answer is absolutely the former.
People, particularly young adults are trading health for wealth
in ways are largely commonplace: they choose to eat out or order fast food instead of cooking at home; applying for gym membership would just be money down the drain because one would barely have the time for workout. However, it’s important to bear in mind that money wouldn’t mean a thing if one’s health is in grave jeopardy. Hence, it’s essential to prioritize health over wealth in one’s life and only in this way; efforts to make money can be justified.
