保持身心健康的英語作文100詞
要想長久都能夠寫英語作文，平時就要通過運動和冥想保持自己身心健康。下面是本站小編給大家整理了心健康英語作文，供大家參閱!
How to keep middle school students physical and mental health
As far as I am concerned,we students should balance our physical exercise and as a saying goes:“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” without a sound body,one cannot achieve ver,too much attention has been paid only to efore,I suggest we be given less homework and more time for out-of-classroom activities to solve all the in this way can we have a happy and healthy life.
如何保持中學生身心健康
就我而言,我們學生應該平衡鍛鍊和學習兩者之間的關係,就像俗語所說“只顧工作不玩耍,聰明孩子也變傻.”沒有一個健康的身體,人就不能獲得成功.然而我們更多的精力都被放在了學習上,因此,我建議爲了解決所有的問題,我們應該少做些作業,這樣纔能有更多的時間進行課外活動.只有通過這種方式,我們才能享有健康快樂的生活.
祝開心
保持身心健康的英語作文篇2Good habits are good for the y morning we'd better get up early and do morning exercises before having ng a walk after supper is also is not good to watch TV too long and go to bed too try to have more sports in our spare time instead of staying at ng too much at meal is bad for our health, shouldn't eat junk should eat enough fruit and 's very important to keep healthy.I think we should have healthy diet every day and eat proper shouldn't eat junk food because it is bad for our k water and milk as often as is a great drink that can give us more calcium that make our bones much 't eat too much because it will make you uncomfortable and 't spend too much time watching TV,DVDs and Videos or using 's good to take more exercise such as basketball,bike riding ,swimming and so ow these and you can be healthy.
好習慣是健康好.我們每天早上我早早起牀,做早操吃早飯之前.晚飯後散步也很重要.看電視太長,太晚睡覺,這是不好的.所以要有更多的運動在我們的空閒時間,而不是呆在家裏.在用膳吃太多對我們的健康不好,太.我們不應該吃垃圾食品.我們應該多吃水果和蔬菜.保持健康是很重要的.我認爲我們應該有健康的飲食,每天吃適當的食物.我們不應該吃垃圾食品,因爲它對我們的健康有害.喝的水和牛奶儘可能經常.牛奶是一種有益的飲料,可以給我們更多的鈣,使我們的骨骼強壯多了.不要吃得太多,因爲它會使你感到不舒服和脂肪.不要花太多時間看電視,DVD和視頻或使用電腦.它的好,多做運動比如籃球,騎自行車,游泳等.遵循這些和你能健康.
保持身心健康的英語作文篇3How to keep fit
We all know that the health of our important,but fo you know how to keep fit
Want to keep fit,we‘ll have plenty of sleep,eat the fruit and vegetable and drink of water every day,these are good for health.
Want to keep fit,we mustn’t go to work without to keep fit,we must goto bed early and get up early.
Want to keep fit,we must have healthy habits.
翻譯：
如何保持健康?
我們都知道健康對我們的重要,但是你知道如何保持健康嗎?
想保持健康,我們需要有充足的睡眠,吃需要的水果和蔬菜,每天喝大量的水,這些對健康都是有益的.
想保持健康,我們不能不吃早餐去工作.想保持健康,我們必須早睡早起.
想保持健康,我們一定要有健康的習慣.
》》》》下一頁更多精彩“身心健康怎樣保持英語作文” 保持身心健康的英語作文篇4be aware of mental health
No word limit?!at least give some details...
Lately a research(編的) found there's an unstoppable increasing trend showing city folks are suffering from mental al problems are often hard to detect and sadly,a lot of people rejects to see a psychologist to check their current mental status because they feel embarassed to do so.
We should be always alarmed and aware of it,because memtal probmems grows in your mind over time,a person who suffers from psychological problems may behave normal to the person next to him,or he could not even tell he's actually mentally toms could be over paranoid,anxiety,crying because of no reason and so al meltdown and/or psychological problems can be more easily detected when the situation gets efore it its important to realise the seriousness of this invisible disease and take a good care of your own mental health —— Dont leave it to the last minute when noting could be done to improve mental illness when the worst situation comes
保持身心健康的英語作文篇5A growing number of expers claim that it’s extremely improtant to improve the college students’ mental point out that keeping mental health contributes to have a good life in the future.
There are several methods to improve mental the school part,in the first place,psychology courses should be taken in the such courses,let students understand the denifition of the mental health,the importance of mental health,and how to improve and keep the mental the second place,the teachers should learn how to help students to improve and keep mental hers are the good examples of the the third place,schools may train mental consultants who can help students to solve or ease the mental problems,can contribute to improve and keep students’ mental health.
保持身心健康的英語作文篇6Health is defined as a condition of physical,mental and social well being and the absence of disease or other abnorman is not a static condition; constant change and adaptation to stress result in states of health or disease are the expressions of the success or failure experienced by the organism in its efforts to respond adaptively to environmental rding to the World Health Organization (WHO) there are three components of health that need to be addressed including a person's physical,mental and social well being.I define health as the best possible physical and mental state that an individual is able to someone has an illness or disease process their best possible state of health is going to in turn be lower than that of a "normally" healthy person who has had no previous disease process or illness to deal issue of health is looked at differently by many different people mainly dependent on their own personal e I feel that the way we are able to promote our own health is largely dependent on our motivation to succeed in attaining our health ways that we are able to do this are through the promotion of healthy living with health maintenance e are practices that a person incorporates into his/her lifestyle to promote healthy uded in the list of health maintenance activities are:Sleep Diet Exercise Stress management Use of safety devices Health check-ups
保持身心健康的英語作文篇7healthy lifestyle and communicating well with others can help us grow uphealthily.參考範文：Growing Up HeathilyGrowing up heathily is our y one of us should try our best to keepourselves t of all,keep a balanced should eat a lot of vegetables and fruitevery ’t eat junk k water instead of ndly,get enough sleep and enough y to bed and early torise help a lot to our to sleep eight or nine hours every toexercise every day or at least two or three times a week and relax ourselvesby listening to light des the physical health,we also need should try to getalong well with people around can share our problems and happiness we should often communicate with our parents and unication plays an important part in our life.A healthy lifestyle and communicating well with others can help us grow uphealthily.
保持身心健康的英語作文篇8It is necessary to keep a balanced diet if you want to keep 'd better eat enough vegatables which contain rich vitamin,proper meat is needed,d fried or toasted is important to do regular exercises,such as running or playing ing high mood is good for mentally should renew our spirits and release our stress,so that we can have a good attitude towards enjoy our beautiful life,we must be bound to keep healthy.
如果想保持健康,均衡的飲食很重要.你最好吃足夠的蔬菜,因爲它包含豐富的維生素.適量的肉類也是需要的.避免油炸和烤制食品.有規律地做一些運動也很重要,比如說跑步或者打打羽毛球.保持好的情緒對心理健康很重要.我們應該有新的思想,而且要釋放壓力,這樣我們才能對生活有一個好的態度.爲了享受美好生活,我們必須保持健康.
》》》》下一頁更多精彩“身心健康怎樣保持英語作文” 保持身心健康的英語作文篇9President Barack Obama didn't act like a typicalpresident when he took a break from running thecountry to hang out with Jerry Seinfeld, driving aCorvette and drinking coffee. And Obama admittedthat he doesn't always sound presidential either. Theleader of the United States, it seems, is a fan ofswearing. He told Seinfeld:
當美國總統巴拉克·奧巴馬在不理國政的空檔同傑瑞·宋飛開着遊艇喝着咖啡的時候，他的言談舉止並不像一般的總統那樣。而且，奧巴馬自己也承認自己有時說話並不像一個總統。貌似這位美國領導人喜歡咒罵。他這樣對宋飛說：
"I curse. I curse. …Bad stuff, or stupid stuff, is happening constantly, right? valuable."
"我就罵了!就罵了!但生活中常會有些糟糕的、愚蠢的事情發生，不是嗎?值呀!"
Though the prim and proper may frown upon this language from a head of state, profanitiesare a healthy part of our lexicon. And plenty of studies have found that the odd bit of swearingcan in fact be very good for you.
可能這話從一國元首口中說出來有失妥帖，但髒話是我們日常用語中司空見慣正常的一部分。而且，多項研究也發現：罵人實際上非常有益身心健康。
In 2009, psychologists from Keele University in the UK found that swearing can even helprelieve pain. Some 67 participants were asked to keep their hands submerged in ice cold wateras along as possible, either repeating a swear word or a neutral word over and over. Thosewho were swearing were able to keep their hand submerged for longer, and also reportedfeeling less pain.
2009年，一羣英國基爾大學的心理學家發現：罵人甚至有助於減緩疼痛。研究中，67名調研者被要求在儘可能長的時間裏將自己的手浸泡在冰水中，有些人要求一直重複罵人的話而另一部分人則要求重複平實的話語。研究結果顯示，說髒話的人把手泡在水裏的時間更長，且更不覺得痛。
Timothy Jay, a psychologist at the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts who has studiedcursing for 35 years, says profanities are an irreplaceable form of expression.
麻省理工學院心理學家蒂莫西·傑研究說髒話35年，他稱：髒話是一種不可替代的表達形式。
Monika Bednarek, senior lecturer in linguistics at the University of Sydney, has catalogued thenumber of profanities in the most popular US TV (there are a lot), and agrees that swearing isimportant in social situations.
悉尼大學語言學高級講師莫妮卡·貝德納雷克在一檔美國最受歡迎的電視節目中將髒話分類(多到想不到)，並同意說髒話在社交中起重要作用這一觀點。
保持身心健康的英語作文篇10Are sunny skies overhead the key to a sunny disposition? New research from the United ArabEmirates shows a strong link between positive moods and time spent outdoors in sunlight。
我們頭頂的晴空是否能助我們獲得一個陽光的心情?阿聯酋最近的一項研究給出了肯定的回答，正能量與多曬太陽有着很大的關係呢。
"This is just a pilot study and we need larger sample size but we found that behavioral changeis associated with mood change and vitamin D status," study co-author Dr. Fatme Al Anouti, anassistant professor in Zayed University's college of sustainability sciences and humanities, toldThe Huffington Post in an email. "So participants who adopted a more outdoor lifestyle gotbetter in terms of mood and vitamin D status."
“這只是初次研究，我們需要更大的樣本。不過我們的確發現心情變化與體內維生素D的含量有關。”本項研究的作者之一 Dr. Fatme Al Anouti 說，他是薩義德大學可持續性自然與人文學院的教授。Dr. Fatme Al Anouti在一封 email 中告知赫芬頓郵報，“研究參與者中，熱衷戶外運動的人心情比較好，維生素D的含量也更高。”
For the study, researchers identified 20 individuals with depressive symptoms and low bloodlevels of vitamin D from a group of more than 100 people. Some of these individuals wereencouraged to spend more time in the sun for seven weeks while others were encouragedsimply to see a doctor, Abu Dhabi-based newspaper The National reported。
根據總部在阿布扎比的 The National 報報道，在這項調查中，調查者從100名參與者中選出了20名有抑鬱症狀和維生素D含量較低的人。這20人中，一部分鼓勵他們在未來的七個星期裏多曬太陽，另一部分則只讓他們去看醫生。
What did the researchers find? The individuals who were encouraged to get more sun "showedless symptoms of depression," Dr. Al Anouti told The National. "In this study we showed thatif you improve your vitamin D level, you will improve your mood."
研究者們發現了什麼呢?那些被鼓勵多曬太陽的人“表現出更少的抑鬱症狀，” Dr. Al Anouti told 告訴 TheNational 報紙，“這項研究表明如果你提高體內維生素D的含量，你的心情就會變好。”
Psychologist Dr. Michael Terman, professor at Columbia University and author of the book"Reset Your Inner Clock," told The Huffington Post in an email that this new research implies theantidepressant benefit comes from exposure to ultraviolet rays that act on the skin tostimulate vitamin D production。
哥倫比亞大學教授、《重置你的生物鐘》一書的作者、心理學家 Dr. Michael Terman 通過 email 告訴赫芬頓郵報，這項新研究說明：陽光能有抗抑鬱的效果，是因爲紫外線照射皮膚刺激了維生素D的產出。
But another factor may be at play。
不過另一個因素也可能影響着實驗結果。
"The primary antidepressant effect of light must lie in the visible range," he noted. "So theZayed subjects likely showed improved mood because of increased retinal light exposure ratherthan increased skin exposure to UV in sunlight."
“陽光的抗抑鬱效果必須是在有可見光的情況下才有用。”他注意到，“薩義德研究中的參與者的情緒好轉，可能是因爲視網膜接收到了陽光，而不是因爲皮膚接收了陽光中的紫外線。”
This new study is not the first to suggest a link between mood and vitamin D levels. A 2006study linked vitamin D deficiency in older adults with lower moods. More recently, research atthe Loyola University Chicago Niehoff School of Nursing showed that vitamin D supplementsimproved the moods of women with type 2 diabetes and signs of depression。
這項研究並不是第一項指出情緒與維生素D有聯繫的研究。一項2006年的研究顯示，心情不好的老年人通常缺少維生素D。洛約拉大學護理學院最近的一項研究表明，補充維生素D可以使有抑鬱症狀和Ⅱ型糖尿病的女性情緒好轉。
》》》》下一頁更多精彩“身心健康怎樣保持英語作文” 保持身心健康的英語作文篇11Our emotional world has a remarkable power to determine not only our mental health, but also how our physical well-being.
我們的情感世界有一種強大的力量，不僅決定我們的精神健康，還決定我們的身體健康。
Here are five positive emotions that have been shown to improve physical health and prevent disease.
以下這5種積極的情緒都表明能改善身體健康，預防疾病。
Optimism may protect the heart.
樂觀能保護心臟。
A growing body of research has suggested that cultivating this quality can have a protective effect on the heart. According to a 2012 review of literature, a number of studies have shown that people with optimistic personalities are at a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. Optimism's benefits for physical health also extend beyond heart health. Here are a few other ways that a sunny disposition may improve health outcomes, including improved immune system function and increased longevity.
越來越多的身體方面的研究表明，培養樂觀的心態對心臟有保護作用。回顧2012年的文獻，很多研究都表明具有樂觀性格的人患心血管疾病的風險降低了。樂觀對身體健康的好處也不僅限於心臟健康，開朗的性情能改善幾種健康狀況，包括提高免疫機能，延長壽命。
Experiencing awe reduces inflammatory markers associated with autoimmune disease.
敬畏的心態能有助於減少與自身免疫疾病有關的炎症因子。
Research has shown that experiences of art, religion and philosophy are the most common experiences that evoke a sense of awe -- that sense of wonder and connection to something larger than ourselves.
研究表明，藝術、宗教和哲學的體驗是最常見的能喚起敬畏感的體驗——也就是驚奇感和與比自己更強大的事物的聯繫。
According to new research from the University of California at Berkeley, awe is not only pleasurable but also enormously beneficial for one's physical and mental health. The Berkeley study found that those who had recently experienced awe had lower levels of cytokines, inflammatory markers that, in chronically high levels, have been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, as well as other health problems including heart disease, Alzheimer's and depression. This suggests that awe promotes healthier levels of cytokines and may prevent disease.
根據加利福尼亞大學伯克利分校的新研究，敬畏不僅使人身心舒暢，而且對人的身心健康大有裨益。伯克利的這項研究發現，近期產生過敬畏心理的人細胞生長抑制素，也就是炎症因子的水平更低，炎症因子水平長期較高的話，就會造成自身免疫疾病和其他健康問題，包括心臟病、阿茲海默症和抑鬱症。這表明敬畏可以促使細胞生長抑制素達到更健康的水平，以及預防疾病。
Compassion and care for others can improve vagus nerve function.
同情關心別人能改善迷走神經功能。
Positive psychologist Barbara Frederickson has conducted research on the effects of lovingkindness meditation (LKM), a traditional Buddhist practice that involves meditating on love and extending compassion to oneself and a progressively large group of others. Frederickson found just six weeks of LKM training to have a positive impact on the vagus nerve, which extends from the brain stem to the heart, helping to regulate emotions as well as bodily systems including the cardiovascular and digestive systems.
積極心理學家巴巴拉•弗雷德裏克森研究了仁愛冥想(LKM)的效果,這是一種傳統的佛教練習，是對愛的冥想，把同情延伸到自己身上，再逐漸擴展到更多其他人身上。弗雷德裏克森發現僅6周的仁愛冥想訓練就對迷走神經有積極影響，能從腦幹傳到心臟，有助於調節情緒和包括心血管和消化系統在內的身體系統。
感恩也有利於心臟健康和免疫系統功能。
Like optimism, an "attitude of gratitude" -- an appreciation and feeling of thankfulness for the blessings one has in life -- carries significant mental and physical health benefits. Gratefulness, like optimism, has been linked with improved immune health, and has also been shown to improve sleep quality. Gratitude may also improve health and well-being in a variety of waysinsofar as it lowers stress levels -- stress being one of the main contributing factors to many chronic diseases.
像樂觀的心態一樣，“感恩的態度”——對生活中所擁有的眷顧的欣賞和感謝——對身心健康大有好處。感恩像樂觀一樣，可以改善免疫系統健康，也表明能提高睡眠質量。感恩還能在很多方面改善健康和幸福，因爲它能幫助減壓——壓力是導致很多慢性病的主要因素之一。
Self-compassion improves health-related behaviors.
自我憐憫有助於改善與健康有關的行爲。
People who cultivate kindness towards themselves are also kinder to their bodies, potentially helping them to prevent or manage a range of negative physical and mental health outcomes. A 2013 study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin examined the relationship between self-compassion, reactions to illness, and a range of health-related behaviors, finding that self-compassionate people sought medical attention sooner for symptoms that they were experiencing than people who were lacking in self-compassion. Self-compassionate people also tended to be less depressed about health problems they were experiencing, and also to take a more proactive approach towards their own health.
對自己仁慈的人對自己的身體更仁慈，對預防或控制一系列消極的身心健康狀況有潛在的幫助。2013年刊登在《個性與社會心理學公報》的一項研究測試了自我憐憫、對疾病的反應和一系列與健康有關的行爲之間的關係，發現自我憐憫的人出現病症時會比缺乏自我憐憫的人更早地去看醫生。自我憐憫的人對正遭受的健康問題也不那麼沮喪，也會更積極地面對自己的健康。
保持身心健康的英語作文篇12Recently, more and more people stay at home watching TV and surfing the Internet, which leads to obesity and even get serious illness.
最近，越來越多的人呆在家裏看電視、上網，所以導致肥胖甚至更嚴重的疾病。
This is no doubt that sport is good for our health. A person who takes exercises regularly will keep fit. What’s more, exercise can make you well-behaved and confident. If you usually take exercise with your friends, you will be close to them. After all, sports can make your life more colorful.
毫無疑問，運動對我們的健康有好處。人經常運動可以保持身體健康。更重要的是，運動可以使你表現得自信。如果你經常和你的朋友鍛鍊，你們之間的關係會更加緊密。畢竟，運動可以使你的生活更加豐富多彩。
Nothing is more important than doing sports. It's time to take actions to stay away from the TV and computer and to take part in sport activities.
沒有什麼比運動更重要。是時候採取行動遠離電視，電腦和參加體育活動了。
保持身心健康的英語作文篇13Not long after moving to the University of Southampton, Constantine Sedikides had lunch with a colleague in the psychology department and described some unusual symptoms he'd been feeling. A few times a week, he was suddenly hit with nostalgia for his previous home at the University of North Carolina: memories of old friends, Tar Heel basketball games, fried okra, the sweet smells of autumn in Chapel Hill.
搬到英國南安普頓大學之後(University of Southampton)不久的一天，康斯坦丁·斯蒂基特(Constantine Sedikides)和一個心理學系的同事共進午餐，討論他最近一些不同尋常的感覺：每週裏總有那麼些時間，他會突然被懷舊之情所擊中，想念他之前在美國北卡羅來納州立大學(University of North Carolina)的家、老朋友、大學著名的Tar Heel籃球隊的比賽、炸秋葵，還有教堂山城中秋天甜美的氣息。
His colleague, a clinical psychologist, made an immediate diagnosis. He must be depressed. Why else live in the past? Nostalgia had been considered a disorder ever since the term was coined by a 17th-century Swiss physician who attributed soldiers' mental and physical maladies to their longing to return home — nostos in Greek, and the accompanying pain, algos.
斯蒂基特的同事是一位臨牀心理學家。他迅速給斯蒂基特做了個診斷：一定是抑鬱症。還有什麼其他原因會讓你沉浸在過去呢?自從17世紀的瑞士醫生髮明“懷舊”這個單詞以來，懷舊一直被認爲是一種心理紊亂。這位瑞士醫生將士兵們的精神與身體疾病都歸咎於他們急切回家的心理，這在希臘語中被稱爲nostos——“懷舊”的英文單詞nostagia的前半部分詞根。而後半部分詞根的algos，則意爲“隨之而來的痛苦”。
But Dr. Sedikides didn't want to return to any home — not to Chapel Hill, not to his native Greece — and he insisted to his lunch companion that he wasn't in pain.
但斯蒂基特博士並不想回家——至少不是美國教堂山的家，也不是他的老家希臘。他堅持己見，告訴他的同事：他並沒有痛苦的感覺。
"I told him I did live my life forward, but sometimes I couldn't help thinking about the past, and it was rewarding," he says. "Nostalgia made me feel that my life had roots and continuity. It made me feel good about myself and my relationships. It provided a texture to my life and gave me strength to move forward."
“我告訴他我是一個向前看的人。有時我確實忍不住會懷念過往，但這是有好處的。”他說，“懷舊讓我覺得生活有根源與連續性。它讓我喜歡自己和身邊的人，將我的生活歷程編織理順，給我前進的勇氣。”
The colleague remained skeptical, but ultimately Dr. Sedikides prevailed. That lunch in 1999 inspired him to pioneer a field that today includes dozens of researchers around the world using tools developed at his social-psychology laboratory, including a questionnaire called the Southampton Nostalgia Scale. After a decade of study, nostalgia isn't what it used to be — it's looking a lot better.
他的同事還是表示懷疑，但最終斯蒂基特博士贏得了辯論。1999年的這頓午餐給予他啓發，使他開創了一個新領域。他在其社會心理學實驗室裏研製了一套工具，包括一個叫“南安普頓懷舊量表”的調查問卷，如今世界上許多研究者依然在使用這些工具進行研究。經過十餘年的研究後，懷舊已經不像人們當年所想的那樣糟糕，它的形象變得好多了。
Nostalgia has been shown to counteract loneliness, boredom and anxiety. It makes people more generous to strangers and more tolerant of outsiders. Couples feel closer and look happier when they're sharing nostalgic memories. On cold days, or in cold rooms, people use nostalgia to literally feel warmer.
從研究結果看來，懷舊可以減少孤獨、無聊與焦慮。它讓人們對陌生人更加慷慨，對外人更加容忍。當夫妻們擁有共同的懷舊記憶，他們會感覺更親密快樂。在寒冷的房間裏，懷舊會使人們感覺溫暖。
Nostalgia does have its painful side — it's a bittersweet emotion — but the net effect is to make life seem more meaningful and death less frightening. When people speak wistfully of the past, they typically become more optimistic and inspired about the future.
懷舊確實也有痛苦的一面。這是一個苦中帶甜的體驗，但將利弊權衡來看，懷舊依然能讓生活顯得更加有意義，讓死亡感覺不那麼可怕。當人們無限依戀地談論着過往時，他們通常會對未來更加樂觀與富有信心。
"Nostalgia makes us a bit more human," Dr. Sedikides says. He considers the first great nostalgist to be Odysseus, an itinerant who used memories of his family and home to get through hard times, but Dr. Sedikides emphasizes that nostalgia is not the same as homesickness. It's not just for those away from home, and it's not a sickness, despite its historical reputation.
“懷舊使我們更人性。”斯蒂基特博士說。他認爲第一個偉大的懷舊者是奧德修斯(Odysseus，《荷馬史詩》中的希臘伊卡島王，流浪十年終回故土與親人團聚——譯註)，曾用親人與家庭的回憶以支撐他度過痛苦的歲月。但斯蒂基特博士強調，懷舊並不等同於思鄉病，它並不只作用於離家的遊子。即使其歷史聲譽不良，懷舊也不是一種病。
Nostalgia was originally described as a "neurological disease of essentially demonic cause" by Johannes Hoffer, the Swiss doctor who coined the term in 1688. Military physicians speculated that its prevalence among Swiss mercenaries abroad was due to earlier damage to the soldiers' ear drums and brain cells by the unremitting clanging of cowbells in the Alps.
約翰森·賀佛爾(Johannes Hoffer)，那個最初在1688年發明“懷舊”單詞的瑞士醫生，將它定義爲“可導致器質惡性疾病的神經系統疾病”。軍隊醫生們猜測，派駐外國的瑞士僱傭兵中無比流行的懷舊病，是因爲他們的耳膜與腦細胞有過早期損傷。受傷的來源則是阿爾卑斯山上永不停息的聲聲牛鈴叮噹。
A Universal Feeling
同樣的感受
In the 19th and 20th centuries nostalgia was variously classified as an "immigrant psychosis," a form of "melancholia" and a "mentally repressive compulsive disorder" among other pathologies. But when Dr. Sedikides, Tim Wildschut and other psychologists at Southampton began studying nostalgia, they found it to be common around the world, including in children as young as 7 (who look back fondly on birthdays and vacations).
19到20世紀時，懷舊曾被歸於“移民精神疾病”、“抑鬱症中的一種”、”腦部壓抑強迫症”等各種疾病裏。但當南安普頓大學的斯蒂基特博士、提姆·維爾德舒特(Tim Wildschut)與其他心理學家開始研究懷舊後，他們發現這在世界範圍內是一個很正常的現象，甚至年幼如7歲的孩子們，就已經有懷舊現象(他們會愉快地懷念生日與假期)。
"The defining features of nostalgia in England are also the defining features in Africa and South America," Dr. Wildschut says. The topics are universal — reminiscences about friends and family members, holidays, weddings, songs, sunsets, lakes. The stories tend to feature the self as the protagonist surrounded by close friends.
“英國對懷舊特徵的定義，和在非洲與南美是相同的。”維爾德舒特說。它們擁有共同的主題，如對朋友家人、假期、婚禮、歌曲、落日、湖泊等的懷念。每個故事裏都傾向將自己定義爲主角，有親密朋友環繞四周。
Most people report experiencing nostalgia at least once a week, and nearly half experience it three or four times a week. These reported bouts are often touched off by negative events and feelings of loneliness, but people say the "nostalgizing" — researchers distinguish it from reminiscing — helps them feel better.
大部分人稱每週內至少會經歷一次懷舊感受，而幾乎一半人每週會有3至4次懷舊體驗。研究者們將“懷舊”與“思鄉”加以區別，懷舊情緒通常由消極事件與孤獨感受喚起。但人們說，懷舊能幫助他們情緒變好。
To test these effects in the laboratory, researchers at Southampton induced negative moods by having people read about a deadly disaster and take a personality test that supposedly revealed them to be exceptionally lonely. Sure enough, the people depressed about the disaster victims or worried about being lonely became more likely to wax nostalgic. And the strategy worked: They subsequently felt less depressed and less lonely.
南安普頓的研究者們也在實驗室裏測試了這些影響。他們讓人們閱讀一篇描述致命事故的文章，另外用性格測試找出那些有極度孤獨情緒的受試者。果不其然，那些爲事故受害者傷心的人與害怕孤獨的人們，相比而言更容易沾染上懷舊情緒。而懷舊確實有所作用：他們會感覺並不那麼抑鬱與孤單了。
Nostalgic stories aren't simple exercises in cheeriness, though. The memories aren't all happy, and even the joys are mixed with a wistful sense of loss. But on the whole, the positive elements greatly outnumber the negative elements, as the Southampton researchers found by methodically analyzing stories collected in the laboratory as well as in a magazine named Nostalgia.
但這些懷舊的體驗並不只有積極的一面。我們的回憶裏並不全是笑聲。而回憶帶給我們的歡樂中，也總摻雜着若有所失的悵惘。但總體而言，懷舊的益處還是大大超越其害處。南安普頓的研究者們進行了系統分析，他們在實驗室中採集數據，還分析了一本叫《懷舊》(Nostalgia)的雜誌中刊登的故事，得到這一結論。
"Nostalgic stories often start badly, with some kind of problem, but then they tend to end well, thanks to help from someone close to you," Dr. Sedikides says. "So you end up with a stronger feeling of belonging and affiliation, and you become more generous toward others."
“懷舊的故事通常有很不好的開頭，一般都帶着一些問題，但它們總能有個好的結局，因爲有親近的人給予你幫助，”斯蒂基特博士說，“所以你能以一種強烈的歸屬感結束懷舊體驗，而會對他人更寬容慷慨。”
A quick way to induce nostalgia is through music, which has become a favorite tool of researchers. In an experiment in the Netherlands, Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets of Tilburg University and colleagues found that listening to songs made people feel not only nostalgic but also warmer physically.
音樂可以很快引發懷舊，於是它成爲研究者們最喜歡的工具。在荷蘭蒂爾堡大學(Tilburg University)的一個實驗裏，研究者文格霍特(Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets)與其同事發現，聽音樂不僅可以讓人懷舊，還能感覺到身體更溫暖。
That warm glow was investigated in southern China by Xinyue Zhou of Sun Yat-Sen University. By tracking students over the course of a month, she and colleagues found that feelings of nostalgia were more common on cold days. The researchers also found that people in a cool room (68 degrees Fahrenheit) were more likely to nostalgize than people in warmer rooms.
在中國南方的中山大學裏，周欣悅仔細探索了這種溫暖效應。她和她的同事花了一個月時間追蹤記錄學生們，結果發現在寒冷天氣裏，這種懷舊情緒更爲常見。研究者們也發現，當人們呆在20度的涼爽房間裏時，他們比呆在暖和房間裏更容易懷舊。
Not everyone in the cool room turned nostalgic during the experiment, but the ones who did reported feeling warmer. That mind-body link, Dr. Wildschut says, means that nostalgia might have had evolutionary value to our ancestors long before Odysseus.
在實驗中，並不是所有呆在涼爽房間裏的人都會懷舊，但那些懷舊的人確實表示感覺更溫暖了。斯蒂基特博士說，這個心理與身體的聯繫表示，也許早在奧德修斯之前，懷舊已經對我們的祖先產生進化上的意義。
"If you can recruit a memory to maintain physiological comfort, at least subjectively, that could be an amazing and complex adaptation," he says. "It could contribute to survival by making you look for food and shelter that much longer."
“如果回憶可以至少讓你自我感覺身體舒適，這都會是一種神奇並複雜的環境適應，”他說，“它讓你可以堅持更長時間以尋覓食物與庇護，這有助於生存。”
Finding a Sweet Spot
尋找甜蜜的時刻
Of course, memories can also be depressing. Some researchers in the 1970s and '80s suggested that nostalgia could worsen a problem that psychologists call self-discontinuity, which is nicely defined in "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes," by Stephen Stills: "Don't let the past remind us of what we are not now." This sense of loss and dislocation has repeatedly been linked to both physical and mental ills.
當然，回憶也可能讓人絕望。20世紀七八十年代的研究者們認爲，懷舊可以惡化“自我中斷”(self-discontinuity)這種疾病。史蒂芬·史提斯(Stephen Stills，美國歌手——譯註)在《組曲：朱迪藍色的眼睛》(Suite: Judy Blue Eyes)中準確地描述了這個問題：“不要讓過去來提醒我們現在已不再如此。”這種悵然所失與情緒錯位經常與身體或腦部疾病相聯繫。
But the feeling of discontinuity doesn't seem to be a typical result of nostalgia, according to recent studies. In fact, people tend to have a healthier sense of self-continuity if they nostalgize more frequently, as measured on the scale developed at Southampton. To understand why these memories seem reassuring, Clay Routledge of North Dakota State University and other psychologists conducted a series of experiments with English, Dutch and American adults.
但根據新近研究結果，這種自我中斷的感覺並不一定是懷舊體驗的結果。事實上，根據南安普頓懷舊量表問卷，如果人們增加懷舊頻率，他們會傾向於擁有一種更健康的自我中斷情緒。爲了瞭解記憶令人欣慰的原因，北達科他州州立大學(North Dakota State University)的克雷·羅德里奇(Clay Routledge)與其他心理學家在英國、荷蘭與美國成人中進行了一系列實驗。
First, the experimenters induced nostalgia by playing hit songs from the past for some people and letting them read lyrics to their favorite songs. Afterward, these people were more likely than a control group to say that they felt "loved" and that "life is worth living."
在實驗中，部分受試者先聽了一些過去的流行歌曲，並讀了一些他們所喜愛歌曲的歌詞，使他們產生懷舊情緒。相比起對照組，這些受試者更可能感覺“被愛”與“生活有意義”。
Then the researchers tested the effect in the other direction by trying to induce existential angst. They subjected some people to an essay by a supposed Oxford philosopher who wrote that life is meaningless because any single person's contribution to the world is "paltry, pathetic and pointless." Readers of the essay became more likely to nostalgize, presumably to ward off Sartrean despair.
接着，這些研究者嘗試喚起受試者的焦慮，以測試懷舊在另一個極端的作用。他們讓部分受試者閱讀一篇由所謂牛津哲學家寫作的文章，文章裏講述因爲個人對世界的作用“微不足道、悲慘與無意義”，生活只是虛無。結果表明，文章的讀者們更容易產生懷舊情緒，這也許是爲了驅趕這種薩特(Sartre)式的絕望。
Moreover, when some people were induced to nostalgia before reading the bleak essay, they were less likely to be convinced by it. The brief stroll down memory lane apparently made life seem worthwhile, at least to the English students in that experiment. (Whether it would work with gloomy French intellectuals remains to be determined.)
另外，如果這些被試者的懷舊情緒被喚起後，再來閱讀這篇討論人生荒涼的文章時，他們比較不容易被作者說服。至少對接受實驗的英國學生們而言，在記憶隧道中流連體驗能讓他們認識到生活的價值。(這是否能對憂鬱的法國文人起作用則有待分解。)
"Nostalgia serves a crucial existential function," Dr. Routledge says. "It brings to mind cherished experiences that assure us we are valued people who have meaningful lives. Some of our research shows that people who regularly engage in nostalgia are better at coping with concerns about death."
“懷舊對於存在感至爲關鍵，”斯蒂基特博士說，“它喚起了珍貴的記憶，讓我們相信個人的價值，覺得我們擁有有意義的生活。我們的一些研究表明，那些經常沉入懷舊情緒的人更能面對死亡這一概念。”
Feeding the Memory Bank
在記憶銀行裏儲存
The usefulness of nostalgia seems to vary with age, according to Erica Hepper, a psychologist at the University of Surrey in England. She and her colleagues have found that nostalgia levels tend to be high among young adults, then dip in middle age and rise again during old age.
懷舊的效果似乎取決於年齡。這是英國薩里大學(University of Surrey)心理學家愛麗克·何派(Erica Hepper)的研究結果。她和同事發現，年輕人的懷舊程度相對較高，中年人程度偏低，而老年人則又重新回到較高的懷舊程度中。
"Nostalgia helps us deal with transitions," Dr. Hepper says. "The young adults are just moving away from home and or starting their first jobs, so they fall back on memories of family Christmases, pets and friends in school."
“懷舊可以幫助我們面對生活的轉折期。”何派博士說，“當年輕人剛剛搬離家鄉，開始他們第一份工作時，他們會沉浸於聖誕節家庭團聚、寵物和學校朋友的回憶裏。”
Dr. Sedikides, now 54, still enjoys nostalgizing about Chapel Hill, although his range has expanded greatly over the past decade. He says that the years of research have inspired strategies for increasing nostalgia in his own life. One is to create more moments that will be memorable.
斯蒂基特博士現在54歲了，他依然很享受對美國教堂山城的懷舊，雖然他的懷舊範圍已經在過去十年中被大大擴展了。他說，多年的研究給予他一些啓發，以增加自己生活中的懷舊對象，其中一項是：創造更多值得回憶的時光。
"I don't miss an opportunity to build nostalgic-to-be memories," he says. "We call this anticipatory nostalgia and have even started a line of relevant research."
“我不願意錯過任何機會，以製造值得懷舊的記憶。”他說，“我們管這個叫可預期的懷舊，我們甚至已經開始這個相關研究了。”
Another strategy is to draw on his "nostalgic repository" when he needs a psychological lift or some extra motivation. At such moments, he tries to focus on the memories and savor them without comparing them with anything else.
斯蒂基特博士從研究中還得到了另一個啓發。當他需要讓自己快樂起來，或者需要一些心理激勵時，他便從其“懷舊儲備”中汲取能量。在這樣的時刻裏，他會試着讓自己專注於回憶，細細品嚐往事，而不去將它們與其他事情做對比。
"Many other people," he explains, "have defined nostalgia as comparing the past with the present and saying, implicitly, that the past was better — ‘Those were the days.' But that may not be the best way for most people to nostalgize. The comparison will not benefit, say, the elderly in a nursing home who don't see their future as bright. But if they focus on the past in an existential way — ‘What has my life meant?' — then they can potentially benefit."
“許多其他人，”他解釋道，“將懷舊定義爲用往事與現狀對比，然後自我暗示地認爲過去的生活更美好，感嘆着‘那些年'。”但對於大多數人而言，這都不是最好的懷舊方法。比如當老年人在養老院裏對比現狀與過往，這並無法讓他們覺得未來無限美好。但如果他們將往事看成一種人生存在的方式，思考‘我的生活意味着什麼?'，他們則可能從懷舊中獲益。
This comparison-free nostalgizing is being taught to first-year college students as part of a study testing its value for people in difficult situations. Other experiments are using the same technique in people in nursing homes, women recovering from cancer surgery, and prison inmates.
這種不做對比的懷舊已經作爲研究的一部分，用於一年級本科生，以測試人們在不同情況下時懷舊的作用。其他實驗則採用相同的方法，用以測試養老院中的老人、剛從癌症手術中恢復的婦女與監獄的囚犯。
Is there anyone who shouldn't be indulging in nostalgia? People who are leery of intimate relationships — "avoidant," in psychological jargon — seem to reap relatively small benefits from nostalgia compared with people who crave closeness. And there are undoubtedly neurotics who overdo it. But for most others, Dr. Sedikides recommends regular exercises.
有沒有完全無法陷入懷舊的人呢?有的，相比起渴望親近的人，那些對親密關係持懷疑態度的人便在懷舊中收穫較少，他們在心理學術語中被稱爲“迴避型人格”。當然也有神經病患者會過分沉浸於懷舊之中。然而對大部分人而言，斯蒂基特博士建議我們可以對此做有規律的練習。
"If you're not neurotic or avoidant, I think you'll benefit by nostalgizing two or maybe three times a week," he says. "Experience it as a prized possession. When Humphrey Bogart says, ‘We'll always have Paris,' that's nostalgia for you. We have it, and nobody can take it away from us. It's our diamond."
如果你沒有神經機能病，也沒有迴避型人格，我覺得如果你一週懷舊兩到三次，會對你有幫助。”他說：“將懷舊的體驗作爲一種珍貴的經歷，亨弗萊·鮑嘉(Humphrey Bogart)說：‘我們會永遠擁有巴黎'(電影《卡薩布蘭卡》的經典臺詞——譯註)時，懷舊便是我們的‘巴黎'。我們擁有這些記憶，沒有人能將它們奪去。這是我們的無價之寶。”
看過身心健康英語作文的人還看了：
1.關於保持健康的英語作文100詞
2.健康生活英語作文100字
3.保持身體健康英文作文
4.保持健康的英語手抄報100詞
5.關於如何保持心理健康的英語作文
