研究表明 最有效的戒菸方法就是直接給錢!
Providing free electronic cigarettes or other stop-smoking products to employees to get them to give up real cigarettes is less effective than the threat of taking away a cash reward for quitting, according to a new study that weighs the effectiveness of a variety of workplace incentive programs.
一項衡量了各種工作場所激勵計劃的有效性的新研究稱，與其爲員工提供免費電子香菸或其他戒菸產品讓他們戒菸，還不如採用現金獎勵的方法更有效。
The findings, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, call into question the claims by e-cigarette enthusiasts that the devices may be better than traditional quit aids at helping smokers to stop.
這項發表在《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》上的研究結果，質疑了電子煙愛好者關於電子煙可能比傳統戒菸方法更能幫助吸菸者戒菸的觀點。
"Do they help people stop smoking? The answer to that is clearly no," lead author Dr. Scott Halpern, of the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine in Philadelphia, said in a telephone interview.
費城賓夕法尼亞大學佩雷爾曼醫學院的斯科特·哈爾伯恩博士在接受電話採訪時表示：“它們能幫助人們戒菸嗎？答案顯然是否定的。”
"We cannot detect any evidence that they are better than offering free conventional smoking cessation aids or just providing information."
“我們沒有任何證據表明電子煙比提供免費的傳統戒菸指南或相關信息更好。”
The study is also significant because it may be the first to look at programs to get all smoking employees to quit.
這項研究很重要，因爲它可能是第一個考慮讓所有吸菸員工戒菸的項目。
The results show that if the motivation isn't there, neither are the positive results.
結果表明，如果動機不存在，積極的結果也不存在。
Among 6,006 employees at 54 U.S.-based companies, the six-month smoking abstinence rates for all the strategies were less than 3 percent.
這項研究的對象是來自54家美國公司的6006名員工，這些公司嘗試過多種途徑讓員工戒菸，但六個月的戒菸率還是低於3%。
Some of these "engaged" participants were assigned to a group that only received information regarding the benefits of quitting and got access to a service that offered text messages designed to encourage them; in this group, less than 1 percent stayed off cigarettes for six months.
參與項目的一部分員工被分配到一個小組，他們只是被告知戒菸的好處，項目組也不斷地給他們發一些鼓勵的短信，最後這組人中只有不到1%的人在六個月內戒了煙。
The "engaged" workers who also received free smoking cessation aids such as nicotine patches, lozenges and gum, or one of the two FDA-approved stop-smoking drugs, had a quit rate of only 2.9 percent.
另外一部分參與該項目的員工，他們也獲得了免費的戒菸輔助品，如尼古丁貼片、含片和口香糖，或者在兩種FDA批准的戒菸藥物中選擇一種，但最終他們的戒菸率只有2.9%。
Free e-cigarettes, where the participant could pick their flavors, brought the rate up to 4.8 percent, but the difference compared to free patches and the like was not statistically meaningful.
第三組人員可以享受免費的電子煙，參與者可以挑選口味，戒菸比例上升至4.8%，但是由於電子煙是免費供應，因此這種試驗結果沒有統計學意義。
In the fourth group, whose participants got the free smoking cessation products plus a cash reward for staying away from tobacco -- $100 for the first month, an additional $200 at the three-month mark and $300 if they stayed smoke-free for six months -- 9.5 percent quit.
在第四組中的參與者則獲得了免費戒菸產品，並給予他們戒菸的現金獎勵--一個月不抽菸獎勵100美元，3個月不抽額外增加200美元，如果他們連續6個月不抽菸，就再給他們300美元，這時戒菸率達到9.5%。
That was significantly better performance than workers getting the free cessation aids alone but not a statistically meaningful difference from the e-cigarette group.
這比單純的免費戒菸者的表現要好得多，但與抽電子煙那組相比，這種顯著差異也沒有什麼統計學意義。
The employees who did the best got whatever cessation products they wanted plus $600 in an account with the threat that they would lose the money if they didn't stay smoke-free for six months.
戒菸最好的一組員工是採取了下面這種措施：首先給他們提供任何他們想要的戒菸產品，然後再在他們的賬戶上預存600美元，如果他們在6個月以內抽菸了，這筆錢就會被要回。
Their success rate was 12.7 percent, which was clearly better than those who got e-cigarettes or free cessation aids alone.
他們的成功率爲12.7%，這明顯比那些只有電子煙或免費戒菸的人好。
It reflects an odd psychological quirk about human behavior: "People are much more motivated to avoid losing $100 than they are to gain $100, even though, economically, they are flip sides of the same coin," Halpern noted.
這反映了一種奇怪的關於人類行爲的心理怪僻。哈爾伯恩博士稱：“相比起獲得100美元，人們爲了避免損失100美元更有動力，儘管經濟從角度來看這只是一枚硬幣的兩面。”
