圖文閱讀:世界上貨運量最大河流The Rhine River

The Rhine River is one of the most important waterways in Germany and is linked by canals to other major rivers in Western Europe. Many German manufacturing and industrial cities are located along the Rhine, and the river is important for shipping and transportation.




萊茵河是德國最重要的水路和運河,與其它西歐主要河流. 德國許多製造業以及工業城市都位於萊茵河。萊茵河對運輸以及內河航運都非常重要.




The castles of the Rhine Valley.

All Germany is rich in castles but the romantic Rhine Valley - the heartland of the old Holy Roman Empire - has a particularly high density of important medieval military buildings. Some are ruins, but many, like Marksburg Castle, have survived the ravages of war, fire and neglect . Some are fascinating windows into the age of chivalry and the development of this fascinating form of military construction.



萊茵河流域的古堡.
德國富人都住在城堡裏，而浪漫萊茵河流域—是古羅馬神聖帝國的中心地帶--尤其是高密度的中世紀重要的軍事建築. 有的已經成了廢墟,但許多像Marksburg城堡,經受戰爭，飽受戰火被世人忽視後然仍保存了下來. 一些有趣的窗戶在騎士時代建築的現在卻發展成爲了軍事的建築結構模式.



The castles of the Rhine which are such a characteristic feature of the river landscape, were created by the martial spirit of the Middle Ages as purely defensive structures, devoid of all romantic notions, They were built by powerful rulers over sacred and secular territories, on hilltops, and in the lowlands as moated castles to protect their manorail estates and their inhabitants. In most cases the work of breaking the stones and erecting the massive walls and turrets as done by feudal serfs.

古堡萊茵河擁有河畔景觀的特徵,那是由中世紀的尚武精神純粹用來防禦時創建的,沒有任何浪漫的想法,強大的統治者創建了它們並超越了宗教的力量，長期佔領了這片領土,他們在山頂，平地以及護城河城堡建築來保護地主階級及其居民. 被統治的奴隸們在大量的工作下，通過挖掘石頭並直立起來,形成了石牆和炮塔。





Goethe's journey down the Rhine in 1774 was the start of the Age of romanticism. From the beginning of the 19th century on wars, The Rhine Valley became a centre of attractions for tourist from many European countries. This area is also interesting and attractive for the visitors is not only the large number of castles, but also charming, old world little towns surrounded by fortified walls, towers and gates, churches and wine growing villages.

1774年歌德的萊茵河之旅揭開了萊茵河畔的浪漫時代. 從19 世紀大戰開始,萊茵河流域成爲吸引許多歐洲國家的遊客旅遊中心. 萊茵河畔不僅以大量的城堡，更以其迷人的四周加固古老小鎮，塔樓，城門，教堂以及葡萄酒成長的小村莊吸引了大量的遊客。




相傳往日巖頭有個仙女美極，終日歌唱不絕。一個船伕傍晚行船，走過巖下。聽見她的歌聲，仰頭一看，不覺忘其所以，連船帶人都撞碎在巖上。後來又死了一位伯爵的兒子。這可闖下大禍來了。伯爵派兵遣將，給兒子報仇。他們打算捉住她，鎖起來，從巖頂直摔下河裏去。但是她不願死在他們手裏，她呼喚萊茵母親來接她；河裏果然白浪翻騰，她便跳到浪裏。從此聲聞巖下聽不見歌聲，看不見倩影，只剩晚霞在巖頭明滅。德國大詩人海涅有詩詠此事；此事傳播之廣，這篇詩也有關係的。第一章雲：
傳聞舊低徊，我心何悒悒。
　　兩峯隱夕陽，萊茵流不息。
　　峯際一美人，粲然金髮明，
　　清歌時一曲，餘音響入雲。
　　凝聽復凝望，舟子忘所向，
　　怪石耿中流，人與舟俱喪。