世界十大產品召回案(雙語圖文)

Toyota has said it will recall more than 9 million cars to fix faulty gas pedals and floor mats that can cause unintended acceleration. TIME recaps 10 of the largest — and most disquieting — recalls to date

豐田宣佈將會召回至少900萬輛車，對車輛出現問題的油門踏板和可能會無意識導致加速的地毯進行修理。《時代》總結了迄今爲止十項最大規模也是最讓人懊惱的召回。

Toyota's Faulty Pedals

Toyota is having problems. On Jan. 21 the world's largest automaker issued a recall — its second in three months — on 4.1 million vehicles sold in the U.S. and Europe to fix faulty gas pedals that have a tendency to get stuck, causing unintended acceleration. This is on top of a November recall of 5.3 million cars (and counting) believed to have ill-fitting floor mats that have a tendency to trap pedals. In total, more than 9 million Toyota cars worldwide have been pulled back for pedal-related flaws. That's a lot of cars. In fact, it's nearly the same amount as the total number vehicles all carmakers sold in the U.S. in 2009. The House Oversight and Government Reform Committee announced plans to investigate the recall, and whether the Japanese-based automaker needlessly put the public at risk.
Honda drivers have no room to gloat: 646,000 Honda Fits, Jazzes and Cities (including 140,000 cars sold in the U.S.) have been recalled to fix a faulty window switch known to accidentally catch fire.

豐田宣佈將會召回至少900萬輛車，對車輛出現問題的油門踏板和可能會無意識導致加速的地毯進行修理。《時代》總結了迄今爲止十項最大規模也是最讓人懊惱的召回。

Cribs Recalled After Infant Death

More than 400,000 drop-side cribs made by Simplicity were recalled July 2 after an 8-month-old child in Houston suffocated. The Chinese-made cribs had a detachable side that easily broke, creating a gap between the side of the crib and the mattress where a child could potentially become trapped and suffocate. It wasn't Simplicity's first snafu with the cribs. In September 2008, the company recalled 600,000 cribs of the same type; in 2007 a million older-model cribs were recalled after two children became trapped and suffocated. In an interview on The Early Show, Consumer Product Safety Commission chairman Inez Tenenbaum said, "We have recalled 2 million of these in the past few years because the company would change the hardware, but it never worked."

嬰兒牀在出現幼兒死亡之後被召回

超過40萬張由Simplicity公司生產的下拉式圍欄嬰兒牀在6月2號一位在休斯頓的幼兒窒息而死後被召回。這種中國製造的嬰兒牀有一可拆開的邊非常容易損壞，會在車的邊緣和牀墊之間產生縫隙，而這縫隙可能卡住孩子並有窒息的危險。這並不是Simplicity第一次因爲嬰兒牀而被推上風口浪尖了。早在2008年的9月公司召回了60萬張同款嬰兒牀；而2007年有100張老款嬰兒牀因爲兩個兒童被卡住並窒息而宣佈召回。在訪談節目《The Early Show》中，消費者產品安全委員會主席Inez Tenenbaum說道：“我們在過去的幾年因爲公司希望會對牀的硬件進行更換已經召回了200萬張嬰兒牀，但卻從沒起到什麼作用。”

China's Product-Safety Recalls

In 2008, China's largest provider of milk powder recalled 700 tons of baby formula after one child died and more than 50 others developed kidney problems. Melamine, a chemical used in the making of plastic, was found in the baby formula; it later emerged that unscrupulous manufacturers had been adding it to food products to cheaply boost protein values. Two men were eventually sentenced to death for their role in the scam. The revelations only further damaged China's reputation in production. Melamine had been a problem a year earlier, in March 2007, when the FDA recalled more than 60 million cans of cat and dog food after the death of 14 pets. In addition to spoiling food, Chinese-made toys were recalled later in 2007; Mattel took several of its Barbie and Polly Pocket products off the shelves because of concerns over toxic lead paint and hazardous magnet parts.

中國食品安全召回事件

2008年，中國最大的奶粉生產商在一名兒童死亡並且發現超過50個兒童發展成腎結石後宣佈召回700噸兒童配方奶粉。三聚氰胺，一種用於製造塑料的化學添加劑，在這種兒童配方奶粉中被發現了。調查發現無良的製造商爲了能廉價達到蛋白含量標準而將三聚氰胺添加到奶粉中。最終二人因爲他們欺詐行爲而被判死刑。這件事情的曝光影響了中國未來在製造業的聲譽。三聚氰胺曾經在2007年3月因爲14只寵物的死亡而被美國食品藥物監督局召回了600萬罐。除了中國的問題食品，中國製造的玩具也曾在2007年後半年被召回。美國玩具製造商Mattel因爲人們對有毒鉛塗料和含有危險磁部件有所擔憂而讓部分芭比娃娃和波利口袋下架。

One Bad Bump ...

The Ford Pinto was a famously bad automobile, but worse still might be Ford's handling of the safety concerns surrounding the '70s-era subcompact. Before the car ever reached the market, concerns emerged that a rear-end collision might cause the Pinto to blow up — the positioning of the fuel tank sparked fears it could be punctured in a crash and cause a fire or an explosion. But instead of fixing the Pinto's design, Ford, in a bit of morbid calculus, determined it would be cheaper to settle any lawsuits resulting from the Pinto's flaws. After several lawsuits and criminal charges (Ford was eventually found not guilty), the automaker recalled 1.5 million Pintos in 1978, retrofitting the fuel-tank assembly with additional protections to prevent the Pinto from going up in flames. Too bad the same couldn't be done for the car's reputation. In 1981 the Pinto was retired for good.

油箱的悲劇

福特Pinto車是一款臭名昭著的車型，但比這更惹非議的是福特公司對人們對70年代小型汽車的安全的擔憂的處理方式上。在這款汽車上市之前就有對追尾可能導致Pinto起火的質疑——油箱佈置在汽車尾部的做法可能會在追尾時刺穿油箱導致起火甚至爆炸。但是，福特並沒有更改Pinto的設計，而是僥倖的認爲，跟個別受害者打官司要比召回Pinto更省錢。在幾次遭到起訴和刑事指控後（福特最終並沒有被判有罪），福特在1978年召回了150萬輛Pinto，並對油箱添加了額外的結構以保證Pinto不會起火。很遺憾，這無法彌補Pinto的聲譽。在1981年Pinto永遠的退出了市場。

Tires, Treads and Tragedy

In 2000, Bridgestone/Firestone Inc. recalled 6.5 million Firestone tires involved in one of the most dangerous product faults in automobile history — a tendency for tire failure that caused nearly 175 deaths and more than 700 injuries. The treads on certain Firestone tire models would peel off, causing them to blow out — which could cause certain cars and SUVs like the Ford Explorer to roll over. Later that year, Firestone competitor Goodyear had its own tire troubles: tread separations in certain light trucks were linked to about 120 injuries and 15 deaths.

輪胎，輪胎面和悲劇

在2000年，普利司通/費爾斯通公司召回了汽車製造史上最危險的650萬個輪胎——輪胎易損壞並造成了175例死亡和700多例傷病。特定的費爾斯通輪胎的表面易分離，容易造成爆胎事故——這會造成特定的車型和SUV翻車，如福特Explorer系列。當年晚些時候，費爾斯通的競爭者Goodyear的輪胎也出現了問題：某些輕型卡車爆胎導致120人受傷和15人死亡。

Slaughterhouse Snafu

In February 2008, the Department of Agriculture recalled 143 million pounds of beef after a California slaughterhouse was accused of improperly butchering downer cattle (those too sick or feeble to walk to slaughter). Most of the meat had already been consumed by the time the recall got out. It was the largest meat recall in history and included cattle that had been slaughtered up to two years prior, starting Feb. 1, 2006. Thirty-seven million pounds of the recalled beef had gone to the National School Lunch Program, much of which was identified and removed. Remarkably, no injuries or illnesses were ever reported.

大混亂的屠宰場

在2008年二月，農業部在接到對加利福尼亞州的一屠宰場不按規定而去屠宰跪倒不能起身的牛（這些牛多爲有病或年邁而無法行走）召回1億4千3百萬磅牛肉。大部分牛肉在發出召回通知之前就已經被吃了。自從2006年2月1號開始，並屠宰了兩年的牛導致了這歷史上最大的生肉的召回事件。其中3千7百萬磅牛肉已經賣給了國家學校午餐項目，不過其中的很大一部分已經被辨認出來並且處理了。值得注意的是，並無疾病報告。

Creamy, Chunky or Contaminated?

The case against Peanut Corp. of America reads like a veggie version of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. After a 2008 salmonella outbreak that sickened hundreds of people and may have killed eight, federal investigators traced the strain to peanuts processed at Peanut Corp.'s Blakely, Ga., plant. There the investigators found nightmarish conditions — mold lining the walls and ceilings, rodents and roaches running amok, and food supplies contaminated with waste. Worse still, the FDA found evidence that the company allowed products to ship even after internal testing discovered salmonella contamination. The result was a massive recall of the processed peanuts contained in everything from peanut butter to ice cream. The company, which denies the allegations, declared bankruptcy in the wake of the investigation. Federal criminal charges against the company are pending.

沙門氏菌污染

公衆與美國Peanut公司的較量看起來就像是素食主義版的辛克萊的《屠場》。在2008導致上百人生病和8人死亡的沙門氏菌事件之後，聯邦調查人員根據花生的品種追查到了Peanut公司下屬的Blakely, Ga公司。在那裏調查人員看到了如夢魘般的場面——模具倚着牆或掛在天花板，蟑螂和各種昆蟲大行其道，供應的原料被垃圾所污染。最壞的是，公司即使在國內檢測發現沙門氏菌污染之後仍然讓產品上市。最終，從花生醬到冰激凌凡是含有花生的所有產品被大規模的召回。然而，公司否認了所有指控並且在調查開始不久就宣佈破產。聯邦對公司的刑事指控就此擱置。

Tylenol Tragedies

In the fall of 1982, seven people in the Chicago area died after ingesting Extra-Strength Tylenol laced with potassium cyanide. The crime — which has never been solved — sparked a citywide panic; for days, police cruised the streets, blaring warnings that residents should discard the product. The Tylenol poisonings also prompted a slew of copycats. Over the ensuing month, authorities tallied 270 different incidents of product-tampering, from pins unearthed in Halloween candy on Long Island, New York, to Excedrin laced with mercuric chloride in Colorado. Johnson & Johnson spent millions of dollars recalling Tylenol from stores nationwide. To prevent a recurrence, the FDA mandated new tamper-proof seals for over-the-counter drugs.

羥苯基乙酰胺的悲劇

在1982年的秋天，7名芝加哥人在吃了摻入了氰化鉀的強效羥苯基乙酰胺膠囊後死亡。這罪行一直未得以解決，整個城市陷入悲傷之中。幾天的時間裏，警察上街用大喇叭提醒居民應當丟棄這種產品。這件有毒事件還促使出現了一批盲目模仿者。在隨後的一個月中，政府發現了270多件產品問題事件，從紐約長島發現的藏在萬聖節糖果中的大頭針到科羅拉多州摻了氯化汞的對乙酞氨基酚。強生公司花了數百萬美元用來在全國範圍內的商店裏召回羥苯基乙酰胺。爲了防止再次出現不慎或故意對藥品額外添加東西，美國食品藥監局要求所有在櫃檯銷售的藥品使用新的密封措施。

Merck's Vioxx Nightmare

On Sept. 30, 2004, pharmaceutical giant Merck announced it would voluntarily recall its worldwide stock of Vioxx, an arthritis drug that had brought in $2.5 billion in sales the previous year. Merck executives said the recall was a precautionary measure spurred by a study that found patients who took the drug for at least 18 months incurred more heart attacks and strokes. In 2007, Merck paid $4.85 billion to settle 27,000 lawsuits from people affected by injuries or death associated with the drug.

默克萬絡（Vioxx）的噩夢

在2004年的9月30號，製藥巨頭默克公司宣佈將自願召回世界範圍內的存貨，這種治療關節炎症的藥物在過去的一年銷售收入達25億美元。默克的高級官員稱此次召回是對一項研究結果的預防措施，該研究顯示服藥此藥物超過18各月的患者將更有可能突發心臟病或中風。在2007年，默克公司爲有關服用該藥導致疾病或死亡的27000起訴訟付出了485億美元。

You Might Want to Get That Checked Out ... Again

There was bad news in 2002 for anybody who had recently taken a gonorrhea test. (Well, more bad news.) Pharmaceutical giant Abbott Laboratories Inc. recalled about 750,000 test kits believed to give false negative results. The FDA recommended that anyone who had tested negative over a period of nearly six months ask their doctor whether they should be tested a second time. The mishap carried serious potential health consequences: the disease can lead to sterility in women if left untreated. At least Abbott gave customers a refund.

你不想再去提起的事情……

在2002年接受淋病檢測的每個人都得到了不好的消息（至少是大多數是壞消息）。製藥巨頭雅培公司召回了被認定產生錯誤結果的大約750000套檢測設備。藥監局建議在過去六個月被檢測出壞結果的人們應當向他們的醫生詢問是否要進行第二次檢查。這個小事故造成了嚴重的健康問題：如果不及時診斷疾病可能會導致不孕不育。至少雅培公司給予了消費者賠償。