環境因素會導致注意力缺陷多動障礙?

Although the majority of research shows that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is hereditary, a growing body of research suggests that childhood exposure to certain environmental factors may increase the risk and symptoms of ADHD. Understanding all of the factors that contribute to ADHD is difficult. There is no test that can accurately diagnose a patient with the disorder; but following a healthy lifestyle and avoiding certain environmental toxins may decrease the symptoms of ADHD in children.
儘管大部分研究表明注意力注意力缺陷多動障礙(ADHD)是遺傳的，但是越來越多的研究表明兒童所處的一定的環境因素會增加患上ADHD的風險及其症狀。瞭解所有引起ADHD的原因是很困難的。雖然沒有診斷患上該疾病的精確方法，但是擁有健康的生活方式和避免環境的毒素可以減少孩子的ADHD症狀。

What environmental factors may reduce your risk?
什麼環境因素可以減少你的患病風險呢？

Toxins in pregnancy:
Pregnant women who are exposed to environmental toxins like tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs may reduce the activity of vital nerve cells (neurons) which produce neurotransmitters in their baby’s brain. This reduction may increase the risk of having a baby born with ADHD. Along with a healthy diet, pregnant women should be mindful of the environmental factors they’re exposed to during pregnancy to give their baby the best start in life.
懷孕時的毒素
女性懷孕時接觸到如煙，酒精和違法藥品這些環境毒素，就會降低腹中嬰兒產生神經傳導物質的主要神經細胞的活躍性。這種降低會增加嬰兒生來就患有ADHD的風險。除了健康的飲食，懷孕女性應該關注她們所處的環境因素，給她們的寶寶最好的人生開端。

Food additives:
Kids who eat a wholesome diet may be far less hyperactive than their peers who consume a highly-processed diet. Health professionals have long debated the link between ADHD and diet; but only recently has the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stepped in to evaluate the theory. In 2010, the European Union placed warning labels on food that contained six food dyes and the Food Standards Agency in Great Britain has asked manufacturers to phase out their use of the dyes. In the United States, the FDA is interested in studying Yellow No. 5, which can be found in processed macaroni-and-cheese mixes, some sports drinks, and high-sugar cereals, among other food additives.
食品添加劑
擁有健康飲食的小孩比那些擁有高度加工飲食的同齡人更少亢奮。健康專家長期以來就爭論ADHD跟飲食之間的聯繫，但是最近，美國食品及藥品管理局才介入鑑定這個理論。2010年，歐盟對含有6種食用染料的食品貼上警示標誌，英國食品標準局也要求製造商逐步取消使用染料。美國食品及藥品管理局對研究黃色5號這種染料很有興趣，它是在加工通心粉和乳酪的混合物，一些運動飲料，高糖穀類食品和其他食品添加劑中發現的。

Childhood exposure to toxins:
Poor living conditions with exposure to lead paint and rusted pipes may contribute to a short attention span and hyperactivity in kids. In a 2007 study by Michigan State University, kids who had ADHD had higher levels of lead in their blood. Elevated lead levels may make it harder for the brain to develop, thus making it hard for children to regulate their self control. Ensuring a healthy living environment, free from lead and harmful materials, may help kids lead a life free from ADHD symptoms.
童年時期接觸到毒素
接觸到鉛塗料和生鏽的水管這些惡劣的生活條件會導致小孩注意力短暫和過度活躍。密西根州立大學2007年所做的研究表明，患有ADHD的孩子血液中含有更多的鉛。上升的鉛含量使得大腦更難發育，因而孩子更難調節自我控制能力。確保一個免受鉛和有害物質危害的健康生活環境可以幫助孩子過上一個沒有ADHD症狀的生活。

Sometimes, staying free of harmful environmental factors can be difficult. But following a healthy diet and maintaining a safe home can contribute to healthy kids and possibly reduce the effects of ADHD.
有時，避免有害環境是很困難的。但是擁有一個健康的飲食和保持家庭安全可以保證孩子健康並降低ADHD的影響。

(恆星英語學習網原創編譯,轉載請註明出處!)