女生數學不如男生的偏見源自哪裏?

High school math teachers' ratings of their students reveal a gender bias, according to an analysis of National survey data。根據一項全國性調查數據的分析，高中數學教師對其學生的評價表明了其性別偏見。

Teachers tend to rate white girls' math abilities lower than those of white male students, even when the girls' grades and test scores are comparable to boys, according to a team of researchers who analyzed data collected as part of the national Educational Longitudinal Study of 2010.此項調查是2010年全美教育縱向研究的一部分，一組研究人員對所收集的調查數據進行了分析，其分析結果顯示：教師往往認爲女生的數學能力比男生的低，甚至當女生們的成績和考試分數可與男生比肩也還是如此。

"We find evidence of a consistent bias against white females, which although relatively small in magnitude, suggests that teachers hold the belief that math is just easier for white males than it is for white females," write Catherine Riegle-Crumb and Melissa Humphries of the University of Texas at Austin in the April issue of the journal Gender & Society。“我們發現有證據表明老師對女生一貫存在着偏見，儘管可能沒那麼嚴重，但仍可看出教師們堅信數學對於男生來說更爲容易些，” 得克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校的凱瑟琳裏格爾·克拉姆和梅麗莎·漢弗萊斯在《性別與社會》4月發行的期刊中如是寫道。

Starting in 2002, the ELS began following a nationally representative cohort of high-school students, collecting information from students, parents, librarians and teachers. More data will be collected from the cohort this year, according to the U.S. National Center for Education Statistics。從2002年開始，ELS(教育縱向研究)開始追蹤高中學生的全國代表性同期羣組，從學生、家長、圖書館員和教師中收集信息。根據美國國家教育統計中心的計劃，今年將從同期生中收集更多的數據。

"The bias teachers reveal against white female students may very well be something they are not consciously aware of, but it's usually subtle," said Riegle-Crumb in a news release issued by the university. "But it's definitely present, per our research findings."“教師對女生表現出的偏見完全可能是他們完全沒有意識到的，但這種偏見通常是非常微妙的，” 裏格爾·克拉姆在大學發佈的一篇新聞稿中說。 “根據我們的研究結果，這種現象肯定存在。”

ELS data showed most teachers rated the math abilities of male and female minorities lower when their test scores and grades were low, but this does not constitute a bias because reasonable data support the teachers' evaluations, according to the 的數據還表明，當少數民族學生的考試成績和分數低時，大多數教師都會認爲其數學能力較差，但根據研究人員的觀點，這種不能算是偏見，因爲有合理的數據支持教師的評估。

However, this does not mean that minority students are free from negative stereotypes, according to Riegle-Crumb. Previous research suggests race plays into teachers' expectations of students。不過根據裏格爾·克拉姆的說法，這並不意味着少數民族學生就可以因此擺脫負面成見。以往研究表明種族不同，會影響了教師對學生的期望值。