悲劇的誕生The Birth Of Tragedy 第96期:如何才能"心如止水"

By contrast with this practical pessimism, Socrates is the prototype of the theoretical optimist who, with his faith that the nature of things can be fathomed, ascribes to knowledge and insight the power of a panacea, while understanding error as the evil par excellence.

針對這種實踐的悲觀主義而言，蘇格拉底是理論上的樂觀主義者的原型；他自謂相信萬物的本質皆可以洞悉，認爲知識與認識具有萬應靈丹的能力，而錯誤本身就是一種邪惡。

To fathom the depths and to separate true knowledge from appearance and error, seemed to Socratic man the noblest, even the only truly human vocation.

在蘇格拉底式的人們看來，深入萬物的祕奧，辨別真知灼見與假象錯覺，乃是最高尚的，甚至唯一真正的人類天職。

And since Socrates, this mechanism of concepts, judgments, and inferences has been esteemed as the highest occupation and the most admirable gift of nature, above all other capacities.

所以，自蘇格拉底時代以來，建立概念、判斷、結論等等手段，就被重視爲在一切才能之上的最高尚的事業和最值得讚美的天賦。

Even the most sublime ethical deeds, the stirrings of pity, self-sacrifice, heroism, and that calm sea of the soul, so difficult to attain, which the Apollinian Greek called sophrosune, were derived from the dialectic knowledge by Socrates and his like-minded successors, down to the present, and accordingly designated as teachable.

甚至最崇高的道德行爲，惻忍之心，自我犧牲，英雄主義，乃至極難達到的“心如止水”，即夢神式希臘人所謂“涵養”的境界；——在蘇格拉底以及直至今日贊同他見解的後繼者看來，這一切都導源於知識的辯證法，從而是可以傳授的。