科學爲尼采做的佐證:使你痛苦者必使你強大

Small amounts of trauma can make us more resilient, a new study has found

新的研究表明，少量的創傷能夠增強我們的心理復原能力

He said what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger – and it seems that philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was right.

哲學家弗里德里希?尼采曾說過：沒有殺死你的只會讓你更強大---現在看來尼采是對的。

Scientists have found that although traumatic experiences such as losing a loved one can be psychologically damaging, small amounts of trauma can make us more resilient.

科學家發現，一些諸如失去愛人之類創傷性經歷會給心理造成一定損害，少量的創傷反而能增強我們的心理復原能力。

In one study, those who experienced many difficult life events were found to be more distressed in general – but the same was true of some who had not faced any.

一項研究中發現，那些在生活中經歷了一些困難人總體上表現得更加緊張和憂慮，但一些沒有經歷困苦的人其實也一樣。

Those who had experienced some difficulties were the best off.

那些經歷過困苦的人通常健康狀況是最好的。

Other research revealed that people with chronic back pain were more mobile if they had experienced some serious adversity. Sufferers who had encountered either a lot or none at all were more impaired.

其它研究也表明，在有着長期性背部疼痛的人當中，那些生活中經歷了逆境的人行動會更加靈活。 而那些沒有經歷過很多或者根本沒有經歷過逆境的患病者，會更容易受到不良影響。

Researcher Mark Seery, a psychologist at the University at Buffalo in the U.S., said: ‘A lot of ideas that seem like common sense aren’t supported by scientific evidence. ‘Indeed, a lot of solid psychology research shows that having miserable life experiences is bad for you.

研究者馬克?西里是美國布法羅大學的心理學家，他說：“許多觀點似乎都只是常識，並沒有科學證據支持。確實，有很多可靠的心理學研究表明痛苦的生活經歷對一個人不利。”

Wise man: Friedrich Nietzsche, philosopher has been proven right

智者弗裏德里奇?尼采，大哲學家被證明是正確的。

‘Serious events – like the death of a child or parent, a natural disaster, being physically attacked, experiencing sexual abuse, or being forcibly separated from your family – can cause psychological problems.

“一些嚴重的事件，比如孩子或父母亡故、自然災害、人身攻擊、性侵害、或者是被迫與家庭分離，都可能會引起心理問題”

‘In fact, some research has suggested that the best way to go through life is having nothing ever happen to you. But not only is that unrealistic, it’s not necessarily healthy.’

“事實上，部分研究表明度過一生最好的方式就是什麼壞事都不要在你身上發生。但這不僅不現實，也未必健康。”

He suggested that those who go through difficult experiences are given a chance to develop an ability to cope with such situations in the future.

他表示，那些生活中經歷了逆境的人反而獲得了機會來鍛鍊自己的能力，以在將來的生活中處理好類似情況。

‘The idea is that negative life experiences can toughen people, making them better able to manage subsequent difficulties,’ he said.

“負面的生活經歷能夠磨練人的意志，這種想法使他們能夠更好地去處理之後遇到的困難。”他說。

Although he stressed that ‘negative events have negative effects’, Dr Seery added: ‘I really look at this as being a silver lining. Just because something bad has happened to someone doesn’t mean they’re doomed to be damaged from that point on.’

雖然西里博士強調“不良的事件產生不良的影響”，他補充道：“其實把這看做是‘烏雲背後的幸福線’。一些壞事發生在某人身上，這並不意味這他註定從此之後都是不完整的。”

His report on adversity and resilience appears in the latest issue of the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science.

他對於逆境和復原能力的報告被登在最近一期的《心理科學最新趨勢》上。