10個臭名昭著的間諜(上)

Hari was more of a scapegoat than a spy

1.瑪塔·哈莉：名爲間諜，實爲替罪羊

Mata Hari was one of the most notorious spies in history. Born Margaretha Geertruida Zelle in the Netherlands, she began performing in Paris as an exotic dancer in 1905. She instantly won acclaim for her near-naked performances, which were quite risque for the time. By the time World War I had broken out in 1914, she had retired but was blackmailed by the French to use her seductive powers to spy on Crown Prince Wilhelm. Zelle, it seemed, became a double-agent, promising to spy for the Germans, too. The French eventually uncovered her in a sting operation, and a sensational trial unfolded. Zelle was convicted and executed by firing squad. In hindsight, it appears Mata Hari was more a scapegoat of the French failures during the war rather than any damage she had done as a spy. Many historians believe she was more an unfortunate pawn caught in the horrors of war than femme fatale.

瑪塔·哈莉是史上最爲有名的間諜之一。她出生於荷蘭，原名瑪格蕾莎·吉爾特魯伊達·澤利。1905年，她開始在巴黎跳豔舞，這種幾近全裸的表演在當時被認爲是傷風敗俗。1914年第一次世界大戰爆發後，她辭職了，但被法國人逼着去色誘當時的威廉王子以套取情報。但是之後澤利似乎成爲了雙面間諜，因爲她同時答應給德國人提供情報。法國人最後在誘捕行動中發現了她，並對她進行了公開審判。澤利被判處槍斃。現在回過頭來看，瑪塔·哈莉不過是法國人戰爭失敗的替罪羔羊，她作爲間諜並沒有帶來任何實質性的損失。許多歷史學家認爲，比起“蛇蠍美人”的稱號，她更像是恐怖戰爭的犧牲品。

ian spy Richard Sorge helped turn the tide in WWII against the Axis

2.理查德·佐爾格：改變二戰格局的蘇聯間諜

Many Americans don't realize that the Red Army actually defeated the Nazis. One of the men responsible for making this happen was Russian spy Richard Sorge. Sorge was of German descent, but an avid Communist who began spying for the Russians in Germany in the 1920s. It wasn't until World War II that his services became invaluable. He lived in Japan posing as a journalist and was able to obtain vital information about the Axis powers. Most crucially, he found out that Japan was not about to attack the Soviets. This allowed them to reallocate troops against Germany and defeat them in the battle of Moscow, a turning point in the war. Sorge was discovered by the Japanese and executed with Stalin never acknowledging him as a spy; however, he was officially recognized by the Soviet Union as a war hero in 1964 and appeared on several stamps.

許多美國人不知道蘇聯紅軍打敗過納粹集團。其中一位功臣就是蘇聯間諜理查德·佐爾格。佐爾格出生於德國，卻是個狂熱的共產主義者， 20世紀20年代作他爲俄國間諜在德國進行祕密活動。在二戰以前，他一直默默無聞，但是在二戰中，他僞裝成記者在日本生活，並且獲取了軸心國重要的軍事機密。最爲重要的是，他發現日本不打算進攻蘇聯。這就使蘇聯重新部署了對德兵力，並在莫斯科取得了勝利，這標誌着二戰的轉折點。日本人揭露並處決了佐爾格，但斯大林從來沒有承認過他的間諜身份；儘管如此，1964年蘇聯正式授予他戰爭英雄的名號並把他印在多種郵票上面。

ich Ames sold secrets to the Soviets for money

3.奧德里奇·埃姆斯向蘇聯出售機密

Aldrich Ames was not a Communist but a greedy, selfish capitalist who became a double agent for the Soviets for personal gain. Ames was a drunk, depressed CIA agent who cheated on his wife and was going through a messy divorce. In 1985, he sold the names of two KGB officers secretly working for the FBI to the Soviets for $50,000. For the next nine years, he continued selling secrets right under the nose of the CIA. It wasn't until a fellow agent noted that in spite of Ames' $60,000 salary, he was able to afford a $50,000 Jaguar, a half-million dollar mansion for which he paid cash, fancy designer suits, and had all of his stained yellow teeth capped. He was eventually arrested in 1994 and convicted of espionage.

奧德里奇·埃姆斯不是共產主義者，而是一個貪婪自私的資本家，他爲了個人利益成爲了蘇聯的雙面間諜。埃姆斯是美國中央情報局特工，沉溺於酒精，患有抑鬱，在對妻子不忠後狼狽離婚。1985年，他向蘇聯出賣了2名祕密爲美國聯邦調查局工作的蘇聯國家安全委員會特工名字，換取了50000美元。在接下來的9年裏，他一直在美國中央情報局的眼皮下兜售機密。直到他的同僚注意到只有60000美元年薪的埃姆斯居然可以買得起50000美元的捷豹，一次性付清購買了價值50萬美元的豪宅，擁有許多高端定製的西裝，並把黃牙做了全套美容，才引起了懷疑。他於1994年被捕並被判處間諜罪。

CIA trained animals for a variety of missions

4.美國中央情報局：訓練動物去完成任務

Some of the stealthiest spies in history were not human at all. In the 1960s, the CIA had a secret facility at a children's farm called the IQ Zoo in Hot Springs, Arkansas where they ran a covert program training a variety of animals to perform secret missions. This included ravens, spiders, and even domestic cats. Animals learned tricks like depositing microphones or warning of an enemy approaching using conditioning-based training methods. One of the most incredible projects was called "Acoustic Kitty," in which a microphone was implanted in a cat that was trained to move by sonar impulses and listen to human voices. (The CIA has never officially confirmed or denied any of these operations.)

歷史上一些最隱祕的間諜壓根不是人類。19世紀60年代，美國中央情報局在阿肯色州的溫泉鎮有一個祕密基地，是一個叫IQ動物園的兒童農場，這裏運作着美國中央情報局的祕密項目——訓練不同的動物去執行機密任務。包括烏鴉，蜘蛛甚至貓咪。動物們學會如何放置竊聽器或根據情況用適當方式發出敵人接近的警告。其中最不可思議的項目被稱爲“竊聽貓咪”，他們將竊聽器植入貓咪體內，通過聲吶脈衝控制它們的行動，由此去收集人類的談話。（美國中央情報局從來沒有官方承認或否認這些項目。）

Pei Pu disguised himself as a woman for 20 years

5.時佩璞：僞裝成女人長達20年

One of the most unusual deceptions of all time was made by Shi Pei Pu, a male Chinese opera singer who became a spy. For twenty years he pretended to be a woman to seduce and steal secrets from a French Ambassador named Bernard Boursicot. During their infrequent sexual trysts, Shi kept his genitals hidden and later managed to convince Boursicot they had a child together (the boy was actually bought on the black market). The pair were convicted of espionage in 1986 but quickly pardoned by the government for their "silly" affair.

史上最不同尋常的僞裝者應該是時佩璞，他是一名中國京劇男演員，後來成爲了間諜。他假扮成女人色誘法國大使伯納德·布爾西科長達20年，並從他那裏盜取了許多祕密文件。在他們做不可描述之事的時候（雖然頻率不高），時佩璞隱藏起了他的性器官，並讓布爾西科相信他們有了一個孩子（從黑市上買來的男孩）。1986年這對奇葩被判處間諜罪，但政府很快就赦免了他們的風流“蠢”事。