俄央行將幫企業爲外匯債務再融資
Russia’s central bank will step in to help companies refinance their foreign debts, in Moscow’s latest promise of state resources to avert a deepening of its economic crisis.
按照俄羅斯政府動用政府資源避免經濟危機加劇的承諾，俄羅斯央行將出手幫助企業，就其揹負的國外債務開展再融資。Uncertainty over the fate of $120bn in payments due on Russian external debt next year has weighed on the economy amid a tumble in the value of the rouble and sanctions that make it hard to refinance with western lenders.
在盧布匯率暴跌以及制裁導致企業很難從西方銀行獲得再融資的背景下，明年到期的1200億美元俄羅斯外債帶來的不確定性加大了俄羅斯經濟的壓力。In a statement published on Wednesday, the Bank of Russia said it would lend dollars and euros to banks putting up foreign currency loans to big exporters as collateral.
在週三發佈的一份聲明中，俄羅斯央行(Bank of Russia)表示，會向爲俄大型出口商提供外匯貸款的銀行出借美元和歐元，作爲貸款的抵押。
The move, it said, would help banks “manage their own currency liquidity and also refinance Russian exporters’ external foreign currency debts payable in the near future, in conditions of limited access to international capital markets”.
該行表示，此舉將幫助銀行“管理自身外匯流動性，並幫助俄羅斯出口商在難以從國際資本市場融資的情況下，就即將到期的外部外匯債務實行再融資”。It comes after Standard & Poor’s, the credit rating agency, on Tuesday evening warned it could cut Russia’s sovereign credit rating to junk due to the “rapid deterioration of Russia’s monetary flexibility and the impact of the weakening economy on its financial system”.
俄羅斯央行出臺這一舉措之前，信譽評級機構標普(S&P)曾在週二晚上警告說，由於“俄羅斯正快速喪失貨幣靈活性，以及疲軟的經濟對其金融體系的影響”，該機構可能會將俄羅斯主權信用評級降至垃圾級。Moody’s, another rating agency, slashed its forecasts for Russian GDP growth to a 5.5 per cent contraction in 2015 and a 3 per cent contraction in 2016.
另一家評級機構穆迪(Moody's)則大幅下調了對俄羅斯國內生產總值(GDP)增幅的預期，降至2015年收縮5.5%，2016年收縮3%。
The Russian government and central bank have in the past week stepped in with measures to support the rouble and the financial system, including forcing state exporters to sell foreign currency, loosening capital requirements on banks, and the promise of a Rbs1tn recapitalisation of the banking sector.
過去一週裏，俄羅斯政府和俄羅斯央行曾連連出臺干預措施，支持盧布匯率及俄羅斯金融體系。其中包括迫使國有出口商拋售外匯，放寬對銀行的資本要求，以及承諾對銀行業開展規模爲1萬億盧布的資金重組。In response, the rouble has rallied more than 30 per cent from last Tuesday’s record low and on Wednesday was trading marginally stronger on the day at Rbs54.61 to the dollar.
在這些措施影響下，盧布已從上週二的創紀錄低點回升了逾30%。週三，盧布兌美元匯率小幅上漲，達到1美元兌54.61盧布。Russian companies have $120bn in repayments and interest due on external debt next year, according to the central bank, which estimates that about $70bn of that debt will not be able to be refinanced.
根據俄羅斯央行的數據，明年俄羅斯企業到期應還款和利息規模爲1200億美元，該行估計這些債務中大約700億美元將無法再融資。Much of Russia’s corporate non-bank external debt is owed by Rosneft and Gazprom, the state oil and gas groups. Rosneft, which became heavily indebted when it paid $55bn to buy TNK-BP last year, said on Monday it had paid off $7bn of those debts, but another $7bn payment was due in February.
在俄羅斯企業的非銀行外債中，多數是俄羅斯國有石油天然氣集團俄羅斯石油公司(Rosneft)及俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司(Gazprom)欠下的。去年，俄羅斯石油公司在斥資550億美元收購秋明BP(TNK-BP)時背上了沉重的債務。該公司週一表示，這些債務中已償付70億美元，還有70億美元將於明年2月到期。A large Rosneft rouble bond deal earlier this month was criticised by some in Moscow as having helped to precipitate the rouble’s collapse last week.
這個月早些時候，俄羅斯石油公司曾開展過一宗大規模盧布債券交易。莫斯科部分人批評該交易加速了上週盧布的崩潰。The central bank said the provision of dollar loans should “help return the exchange rate to a fundamentally justified level and balance supply and demand in the currency market with lower levels of exchange rate volatility”.
俄羅斯央行表示，提供美元貸款的宗旨應該是“幫助盧布匯率重返與基本面相符的水平，並幫助平衡貨幣市場的供給與需求，令匯率波動性處於更低水平”。
