奧巴馬領諾貝爾獎 大談戰爭必要性
US President Barack Obama evoked the cause of a just war yesterday, accepting his Nobel Peace Prize just nine days after sending 30,000 more US troops to war in Afghanistan but promising to use the prestigious prize to "reach for the world that ought to be".
Obama became the first sitting US president in 90 years and the third ever to win the prize - some say prematurely. He and his wife, Michelle, whirled through a day filled with Nobel pomp and ceremony in this Nordic capital(Oslo).
Obama delivered a Nobel acceptance speech that he saw as a treatise on war's use and prevention. He crafted much of the address himself and the scholarly remarks - at about 4,000 words - were nearly twice as long as his inaugural address.
"I face the world as it is," Obama said, refusing to renounce war for his nation or under his leadership, saying that he is obliged to protect and defend the United States.
"A nonviolent movement could not have halted Hitler's armies. Negotiations cannot convince al-Qaida's leaders to lay down their arms," Obama said. "To say that force is sometimes necessary is not a call to cynicism, it is a recognition of history."
The president laid out the circumstances where war is justified - in self-defense, to come to the aid of an invaded nation, or on humanitarian grounds, such as when civilians are slaughtered by their own government or a civil war threatens to engulf an entire region.
"The belief that peace is desirable is rarely enough to achieve it," he said.
He also spoke bluntly of the cost of war, saying of the Afghanistan buildup he just ordered that "some will kill, some will be killed".
"No matter how justified, war promises human tragedy," he said.
Obama was staying in Oslo only about 24 hours and skipping the traditional second day of festivities.
美國總統貝拉克•奧巴馬昨日在領取諾貝爾獎時大談正義之戰的必要性，不過承諾將利用這一殊榮激勵自己致力於世界持久和平。而就在九天前，奧巴馬總統向阿富汗增派了三萬軍隊。
奧巴馬爲近90年來首位獲得諾貝爾和平獎的在任美國總統，也是美國曆史上第三位獲此殊榮的總統，不過有些人認爲該獎對於他來說有些爲時過早。奧巴馬和夫人米歇爾前往挪威首都奧斯陸領獎的當天舉辦了一系列諾貝爾獎的頒獎典禮和慶祝活動。
在發表獲獎感言時，奧巴馬大談戰爭的利用與防範。演講稿的大部分內容由他親自撰寫，言辭頗具學術風範，長約四千字，爲他就職演說長度的近兩倍。
奧巴馬說：“我直面我們所處的世界。”他拒絕爲國家放棄戰爭，或至少在他任職期間不會放棄，他稱自己有義務保衛美國。
奧巴馬說：“非暴力運動不會讓希特勒部隊停止侵略，談判也無法說服基地組織頭目放下武器。我們說武力有時是必需的，這並非憤世嫉俗而是以史爲鑑。”
奧巴馬提出了正義戰爭所應符合的幾個條件，例如自衛、援助受侵國或出於人道主義，比如平民遭到本國政府屠殺，或一國的內戰有波及其所處整個地區的危險等。
他說：“僅僅有和平的願望不足以實現和平。”
奧巴馬還直言了戰爭的代價，稱剛向阿富汗增派的部隊“有些會英勇殺敵，有些則會戰死沙場。”
他說：“不管一場戰爭有多麼正義，它都是人類的悲劇。”
奧巴馬僅在奧斯陸停留了24小時，沒有參加第二天舉行的傳統慶祝活動
Vocabulary:
sitting：holding an official position or office; occupying an appointed or elected seat; incumbent（在位的，在任期中的）
pomp：stately or splendid display; splendor; magnificence（壯麗，盛況）
treatise：a formal and systematic exposition in writing of the principles of a subject, generally longer and more detailed than an essay（論文，著述）
cynicism：犬儒主義，玩世不恭
come tosb's aid:援助某人
buildup：the act or process of amassing or increasing（增加；增強)
