報告稱中國大學畢業生創業意願不強

The commercial success of many high-profile Chinese entrepreneurs appears to have done little to encourage young Chinese college graduates to become their own boss. According to a recent report, only 1.6% of Chinese college graduates started businesses last year, essentially flat with the year before.

中國諸多知名企業家在商業方面的成功似乎並沒有對中國大學生畢業後創業起到什麼鼓勵作用。最近一份報告顯示，去年中國只有1.6%的大學畢業生選擇創業，比例與前年基本持平。

Also, while young Americans often look to create the next Facebook, China's budding business owners start out with lower skills and more modest ambitions.

美國的年輕人通常希望創造出下一個Facebook，而中國年輕創業者具備的技能更低，抱負也沒那麼大。

The "2012 Graduate Employment Report," released last week by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and MyCOS Research Institute, a Beijing-based education consultancy, shows that vocational-college graduates were more keen on starting businesses than those graduating from four-year colleges-with a ratio of 2.2% compared with 1% respectively.

Getty Images南京舉行的一場招聘會被大學畢業生擠得水泄不通。中國社會科學院(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)與北京教育諮詢機構麥可思研究院(MyCOS Research Institute)上週發佈了《2012年中國大學生就業報告》。報告顯示，高職高專畢業生的創業熱情高於四年制本科畢業生，前者的自主創業比例是2.2%，後者僅爲1%。

The report showed that a large share of young entrepreneurs are based in China's less developed central and western areas, painting a picture of the typical Chinese entrepreneur as a restaurant owner or a pig farmer.

報告顯示，年輕人中相當大一部分是在中國欠發達的中西部地區創業，一般是開餐館或辦養豬場。

The vast majority of graduates received their funding from their parents and relatives-80% of four-year graduates and 82% of vocational-college graduates-while most Western young entrepreneurs are funded by so-called angel investors and public sources, such as government or university-based funds.

絕大多數畢業生的創業資金來自父母和親戚（本科畢業生中這個比例爲80%，高職高專畢業生爲82%），而在西方，大多數年輕創業者會從天使投資人以及政府或大學基金等公共渠道獲取資金。

According to the study, arts and design majors were prominent among Chinese start-up entrepreneurs with four-year degrees, while among vocational-college graduates logistics-management studies was a common major, with many graduates setting up e-commerce or transportation and storage businesses.

報告顯示，在中國本科畢業生創業大軍中，比較突出的是藝術和設計專業的學生，而在高職畢業生中，物流管理專業的創業者則很常見，很多學生畢業後會去做電子商務或搞運輸倉儲。

Even though business competitions in China sponsored by government and universities to boost young entrepreneurship draw a lot of entries, many participants are not actually competing for future business. According to a survey conducted by Xiamen University, 53% of participants in its university business competition claimed that they entered to gain more work experience and contacts to help them in their future job hunt.

在中國，雖然政府和大專院校爲鼓勵年輕人創業組織了各種商業競賽，也吸引了大批前來報名的人，但很多人蔘賽並不是爲了能夠未來創業。據廈門大學(Xiamen University)一項調查顯示，參加該校商業競賽的人有53%聲稱，他們參賽是爲了獲得更多工作經驗，積累更多人脈，以幫助他們日後找工作。

A number of academic surveys indicate that while Western graduates benefit from business-focused college courses where critical thinking is encouraged, Chinese students often put little value on creativity and refrain from taking risks, a trait researchers attribute to a Chinese education system traditionally based on rote learning.

一些學術調查報告顯示，西方大學畢業生獲益於那些鼓勵批判性思考的商務課程，而中國學生往往不怎麼重視創造性，也不願承擔風險。研究人員認爲，中國學生的這個特點是歷來只注重死記硬背的中國教育制度造成的。

Lack of angel capital investors are also blamed for the comparatively small number of start-ups. "It is difficult for young entrepreneurs to find investment," said Li Kaifu, chief executive of Innovation Works, at a conference in April.

另外，缺少天使投資人也被認爲是中國創業者數量相對較少的原因之一。創新工場(Innovation Works)首席執行長李開復今年4月在一個會議上說，年輕創業者很難找到投資。

To be sure, plenty of high-skill, high-tech businesses are started in China every day, especially in the coastal provinces and major cities. And funding opportunities are growing. "The potential of domestic angel investment is huge and will be vital for China's business ecosystem," Mr. Li said in April.

當然，中國每天都有很多需要高技能人才的高科技企業成立，特別是在中國沿海省份和主要城市。另外，融資機會也在不斷增多。李開復4月份時說，國內天使投資潛力巨大，對中國商業生態系統來說非常重要。

Xue Manzi, a prominent Chinese angel capital investor, said in a business competition this February that China's entrepreneur environment is second only to that of the U.S. However, he said, innovation remains a problem.

中國知名天使投資人薛蠻子今年2月在一個商業競賽中說，中國的創業環境僅次於美國。不過他說，創新仍是個問題。

"Capital is not the issue, but a good project. Some start-up programs by Chinese students are simply copycats," he said.

薛蠻子說，現在的問題不是缺資本，而是缺好項目，中國大學生的一些創業項目完全是山寨品。