考古學家稱發現亞里士多德陵墓
ATHENS — A Greek archaeologist who has been leading a 20-year excavation in northern Greece said on Thursday that he believed he had unearthed the tomb of Aristotle.
雅典——一名考古學家本週四表示，他相信自己已經發現了亞里士多德的陵墓。這名考古學家在希臘北部主持了一項爲期20年的發掘工作。
In an address at a conference in Thessaloniki, Greece, commemorating the 2,400th anniversary of Aristotle’s birth, the archaeologist, Konstantinos Sismanidis, said he had “no proof but strong indications, as certain as one can be,” to support his claim.
在希臘塞薩洛尼基舉行的一個紀念亞里士多德誕生2400週年的會議上，考古學家康斯坦丁羅斯·塞斯曼尼迪斯(Konstantinos Sismanidis)發言說，“雖然沒有證據，但有極爲明顯的跡象”來支持他的說法。
The tomb was in a structure unearthed in the ancient village of Stagira, where Aristotle was born, about 40 miles east of Thessaloniki. According to Mr. Sismanidis, the structure was a monument erected in Aristotle’s honor after his death in 322 B.C.
陵墓是在亞里士多德的出生地斯塔基拉古村落出土的一個建築中發現的，位於塞薩洛尼基以東約40英里。據塞斯曼尼迪斯說，亞里士多德在公元前322年去世後，人們修建了這座建築來紀念他。
“We had found the tomb,” he said. “We’ve now also found the altar referred to in ancient texts, as well as the road leading to the tomb, which was very close to the city’s ancient marketplace within the city settlement.”
“我們已經找到了陵墓，”他說。“我們還發現了古代文獻中提到的祭壇，以及通往陵墓的道路，它與城市聚落內的古市場非常靠近。”
Although the evidence of whose tomb it was is circumstantial, several characteristics — its location and panoramic view; its positioning at the center of a square marble floor; and the time of its construction, estimated to be at the very beginning of the Hellenistic period, which started after the death of Aristotle’s most famous student, Alexander the Great, in 323 B.C. — “all lead to the conclusion that the remains of the arched structure are part of what was once the tomb-shrine of Aristotle,” Mr. Sismanidis said.
雖然陵墓主人身份的證據是間接的，但它具備的幾個特徵——它的位置和廣闊視野；它位於一片方形大理石地面的中心；以及它的修建時期——大約是希臘化時期剛剛開始的時候，也就是亞里士多德最著名的學生亞歷山大大帝在公元前323年去世之後——“全部都支持一個結論：這個拱形結構遺蹟是亞里士多德曾經的墓祠的組成部分，”塞斯曼尼迪斯說。
Aristotle, who was born in 384 B.C., was a pupil of Plato in Athens and became a crucial figure in the emergence of Western philosophy. His work forms the basis of modern logic, and his metaphysics became an integral part of Christian theology. His “Poetics” still offers penetrating analysis of what works, and does not work, in theater. King Philip II of Macedon engaged him as a tutor to his son Alexander.
亞里士多德出生於公元前384年，是柏拉圖在雅典的學生，也是西方哲學形成的一個關鍵人物。他的作品構成了現代邏輯的基礎，他的形而上學成爲了基督教神學的一個固有組成部分。他的《詩學》對戲劇原理的分析至今發人深省。馬其頓國王腓力二世(Philip II)邀請他爲兒子亞歷山大當導師。
A separate excavation in another part of northern Greece, Amphipolis, in 2014 led to the discovery of the largest ancient tomb ever found in the country. Speculation linking the tomb to Alexander the Great set off huge media interest, but archaeologists later concluded that it had probably been built for a close companion of the king and conqueror.
2014年在希臘北部的安菲波利斯進行的另一項發掘工作中，考古學家發現了該國最大的古代陵墓。有人把那座陵墓與亞歷山大大帝聯繫到一起，引起了媒體的巨大興趣，但後來考古學家得出的結論是，它可能屬於這位國王和征服者的親密友人。
