最新一輪對俄羅斯的制裁令美國公司遭受池魚之殃

President Barack Obama followed the European Union’s lead Tuesday in announcing a fresh set of economic sanctions against Russia over its involvement in the Ukrainian uprising, but some U.S. companies that do business in Russia could also see their businesses affected by the West’s latest punishment.

週二，美國總統奧巴馬緊隨歐盟，宣佈了一系列制裁俄羅斯的新措施，以懲罰俄方插手烏克蘭事務。不過，一些在俄羅斯開展經營活動的美國公司可能會發現，西方的最新制裁措施也影響到了自己的生意。

The most recent sanctions aim to put even broader pressure on the energy, finance and defense sectors of the Russian economy. The U.S. initiated specific sanctions on three financial institutions – VTB Bank, the Bank of Moscow and the Russian Agriculture Bank – as well as the United Shipbuilding Corporation, the U.S. Treasury Department said Tuesday.

最新制裁措施目的旨在給俄羅斯的能源、金融和國防企業施加更全面的壓力。美國財政部（U.S. Treasury Department）週二宣佈，已針對三家俄羅斯金融機構——VTB Bank、莫斯科銀行（Bank of Moscow）和俄羅斯農業銀行（Russian Agriculture Bank），以及俄羅斯聯合造船公司（United Shipbuilding Corporation）採取制裁措施。

One purpose of the sanctions put in place on Tuesday will be to cut Russia off from a supply of goods and technology that feeds the country’s energy sector. Bloomberg notes that multiple U.S. companies generate anywhere from 4% to 6% of their global sales by contributing to that supply chain – and are likely to take a hit after Tuesday’s announcement — including oilfield services companies such as Baker Hughes , Halliburton and Schlumberger .

這些制裁的目的之一是切斷俄羅斯能源行業的商品和技術供給。彭博（Bloomberg）指出，這條供應鏈爲多家美國公司貢獻了4%-6%的全球銷售收入，週二公佈的制裁措施可能讓這些公司受到打擊，其中包括油田服務企業貝克休斯公司（Baker Hughes）、哈里伯頓公司（Halliburton）和斯倫貝謝公司（Schlumberger）。

Also put in a precarious spot is Exxon Mobil , which signed a huge deal with Moscow-backed oil company Rosneft three years ago to form a joint venture to extract oil and natural gas from the Arctic Ocean. Both companies have reportedly invested billions of dollars in the partnership, which now could be in jeopardy despite the fact that a drilling rig was already en route to the icy waters North of Russia from Norway last week.

同樣處於危險境地的還有埃克森美孚（Exxon Mobil）。三年前，埃克森美孚和俄羅斯政府支持的俄羅斯石油公司（Rosneft）簽訂了一份重大合同，雙方將組建合資公司在北冰洋開採石油和天然氣。據報道，兩家公司都已爲此投入了數十億美元資金。儘管上週一臺鑽機已經從挪威啓程，奔赴俄羅斯以北的多冰海域，但這項合作現在處於危險狀態。

The U.S. transportation industry could also be affected by escalating tensions between the West and Russia, as airplane manufacturer Boeing imports more than a third of its titanium from Russia to build its products and automakers such as Ford and General Motors sell hundreds of thousands of cars in Russia every year.

西方國家和俄羅斯之間的緊張局勢升級還可能影響美國的交通運輸行業——飛機制造商波音（Boeing）生產所需的鈦金屬有超過三分之一來自俄羅斯進口；汽車廠商福特（Ford）和通用汽車（General Motors）每年在俄羅斯的汽車銷量都達到數十萬輛。

Major food brands aren’t safe either, as fast-food companies McDonald’s and Wendy’s have recently come under fire from Russian officials. Meanwhile, PepsiCo and Coca Cola could both be worried about their own Russian operations, which have expanded rapidly in recent years. Coke has agreed to invest billions of dollars in the country in coming years, while Pepsi paid $5.4 billion in 2010 to acquire Wimm-Bill-Dann, which one of Russia’s largest food-and-beverage companies and its biggest dairy producer.

大型食品品牌也不安全。快餐企業麥當勞（McDonald’s）和溫蒂漢堡（Wendy’s）最近都遭到了俄羅斯官員的批評。同時，百事可樂（PepsiCo）和可口可樂（Coca Cola）可能在擔心自己的俄羅斯業務，近幾年二者在俄羅斯擴張迅速。可口可樂已經同意，今後幾年將在俄羅斯投資數十億美元。2010年，百事可樂斥資54億美元收購了Wimm-Bill-Dann，後者是俄羅斯最大的食品飲料公司之一，也是俄羅斯最大的乳製品生產商。