村山敦促安倍70週年談話繼承反省

Japan risks forgetting the lessons of its militarist past if prime minister Shinzo Abe tampers with history, according to the man who made the country’s definitive apology for the second world war.

曾明確爲日本二戰行爲道歉的日本前首相村山富市(Tomiichi Murayama)表示，如果日本首相安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)篡改歷史，日本可能會忘記其軍國主義歷史的教訓。

In an interview with the Financial Times, former prime minister Tomiichi Murayama — who made a landmark declaration in 1995 on the 50th anniversary of the war’s end — attacked Mr Abe’s decision to make a new statement on the 70th anniversary this year.

在接受英國《金融時報》採訪時，村山富市抨擊了安倍晉三將在今年就二戰結束70週年發表新表態的決定。1995年，村山富市曾在二戰結束50週年之際，發表過里程碑式的講話。

Mr Murayama’s intervention, which comes as Mr Abe prepares for speeches in Indonesia and the US where he is likely to road-test his message on history, shows how the legacy of the war remains fiercely disputed in Japan.

村山富市介入此事之際，安倍晉三正準備在印尼和美國發表講話。他可能會通過這些講話，試探他對歷史的言論會產生什麼影響。村山的介入表明，二戰遺留問題在日本依然存在激烈爭論。

The August proclamation by Mr Abe will be one of the most important moments in Asian diplomacy this year, with China and Korea watching for any sign of revisionism by a prime minister they regard as an unrepentant nationalist.

安倍在8月份的講話，將是今年亞洲外交最重要的時刻之一，因爲中韓兩國都在密切關注這一講話，是否會有篡改歷史的跡象。在他們眼中，安倍晉三是一位不知悔改的民族主義者。

Mr Murayama said the objective of his 1995 statement — which describes Japan’s “deep remorse” for its “colonial rule and aggression” — was less an apology than the correct remembrance of history. He urged Mr Abe to retain those words.

村山富市表示，1995年村山談話的目的與其說是爲了道歉，不如說是爲了恰當地記住歷史。在該聲明中，村山富市描述了日本對“殖民統治和侵略”的“深刻反省”（deep remorse）。他敦促安倍也保留這類措辭。

“The goal is not to apologise. The important thing is our recognition of what we did in the past, and whether it was good or bad,” said Mr Murayama. “This isn’t a problem where you apologise to the Korean people or the Chinese people and it’s done.”

村山富市表示：“目的並不是道歉。重要的問題在於，我們要認識到過去做過什麼，所做的是好事還是壞事。並不是說，向韓國人民和中國人民道歉後就完事了。”

His remarks highlight the dispute between Japan’s nationalists, who want to rehabilitate a war in which millions of Japanese died and recast it as a noble but failed effort in the national interest; and those such as Mr Murayama, who regard it as a futile and tragic mistake.

村山富市的表態凸顯出日本民族主義者與村山等人之間存在的爭論。日本的民族主義者希望爲一場導致數百萬日本人喪生的戰爭正名，將其正名爲一次符合日本國家利益卻未能取得成功的高貴努力。而村山等人則將它視爲毫無意義的悲劇性錯誤。

“It wasn’t just the people of China and Korea who suffered great harm from our colonial rule and aggression, it was the people of Japan who suffered as well,” he says.

他說：“受到我們殖民統治和侵略巨大傷害的，不僅包括中韓兩國的人民，日本人民也同樣深受其害。”

“Their homes were bombed, and the bombing killed many people, and Hiroshima and Nagasaki became the first to suffer an atomic bomb. Therefore, if we look again at that war, it was a completely reckless war. We must not repeat it, must not repeat that error.”

“他們的家園遭到了轟炸，許多人爲此喪生，廣島和長崎成爲原子彈的首批受害者。因此，如果我們回顧這場戰爭，就會發現這是一場絲毫未顧忌後果的戰爭。我們一定不能重現這場戰爭，一定不能再犯這種錯誤。”

When he came to power in 2013, Mr Abe declined to accept the Murayama declaration in full, and quibbled about the definition of “aggression”. He has since backed off that position and said his government upheld previous declarations, such as that of Mr Murayama, “in their entirety”.

2013年擔任首相時，安倍拒絕全盤接受村山聲明，並曾圍繞“侵略”一詞的定義開展詭辯。自那以來，安倍這一立場已有所軟化，曾表示其政府贊成村山等人此前聲明的“全部內容”。

However, that reveals little about what Mr Abe himself will say. In a recent FT interview, Mr Abe said he wanted a statement reflecting on Japan’s past 70 years as a liberal democracy, and preparing for the “80th anniversary and 90th anniversary and 100th anniversary”.

不過，對於安倍自己會說些什麼，這一表態透露不了什麼信息。在最近接受英國《金融時報》採訪時，安倍曾表示他希望他所發表的聲明，能回顧日本作爲自由民主國家的70年曆程，併爲“80年紀念日、90年紀念日、100年紀念日”做好準備。

The prime minister has set up a panel to advise him on the 70th anniversary, and people involved in the discussions said he has yet to decide exactly what to say. With no declaration likely to satisfy China and Korea, they said that Mr Abe’s most important audience was in the US.

安倍成立了一個小組，爲他就二戰結束70週年提供諮詢意見。參與相關磋商的人士表示，安倍尚未明確決定說些什麼。他們表示，由於任何聲明都不會讓中國和韓國滿意，安倍講話的最重要聽衆其實是美國。

Hints at his approach may emerge later this month at the Bandung conference in Indonesia, an anti-colonial gathering of Asian and African leaders, and then when he addresses a joint session of Congress in Washington on April 29.

至於安倍講話的風向，在本月晚些時候或許會初現端倪。屆時亞洲和非洲領導人將聚集在印尼萬隆，召開反殖民主義的萬隆會議。接着，安倍還會於4月29日，在華盛頓向美國國會兩院聯席會議發表演講。

For Mr Murayama, the answer is to stick with the wording used by his government. Although a socialist, he led a grand coalition of left and right that included Mr Abe’s Liberal Democratic party, and the declaration was his great achievement in office.

對於村山富市來說，答案就是要在講話中堅持使用村山政府的措辭。雖然村山是一名社會黨人，但是他曾領導過左翼和右翼組成的大聯合政府，這一聯盟中還包括了安倍所在的自民黨(LDP)，而村山談話則是他首相任內的一大成就。

“If we water down, muddy or fail to touch on the problems of ‘aggression’ and ‘colonial rule’ in the Murayama declaration, then Korea and China will once again distrust and worry about Japan,” he said.

村山表示：“對於村山談話中的‘侵略’和‘殖民統治’問題，如果採取摻水或污名化的辦法，或不去觸及這個問題，韓國和中國會再次對日本產生不信任感，併爲此擔心日本的走向。”