不工作也給錢? 芬蘭將給失業人員每月發收入!
Finland is about to embark on an extremely ambitious journey to test one of the most controversial economic theories of our time.
芬蘭即將開啓一段頗具雄心的旅程，以測試本世紀最具爭議的經濟理論之一。The country's social security institution known as Kela will be handing free money to thousands of jobless citizens on a monthly basis for the next two years.
該國一家名叫Kela的社會保障機構，將在未來兩年間，向數以千計的失業公民每月提供免費資金。It's a test of an economic strategy known as Basic Income, which at its core is essentially free money for every person once they reach a certain age, without any prerequisites.
這是對一種被稱爲“基本收入”的經濟策略的測驗，從本質上來講，該經濟策略的核心是在每個人達到特定的年齡後，在沒有任何先決條件的情況下提供免費資金。
The idea behind Basic Income is that by giving every individual a certain amount of money with which to keep themselves out of poverty, they are better off regardless of all other factors.
“基本收入”背後的理念是通過給予每個人一定數量的金錢，使他們自己擺脫貧困，在不管所有其他因素的條件下經濟情況變得良好。
If a person has a well-paying job, they still get Basic Income, just like everyone else, thereby creating a society in which every adult is above poverty and also continually contributing to the economy by spending money.
如果一個有高薪工作的人仍然拿“基本收入”，就能創造一個每個成年人都脫離貧困並且通過花錢爲經濟持續做出貢獻的社會。That sounds like a utopia, right? But there are other factors that create a lot of uncertainty, like whether or not free money will impact a society's motivation to actually work.
這聽起來有點烏托邦，是不是？但是還有其他因素造成了很多不確定性，例如免費資金是否會影響社會實際工作的動機。In the case of Finland's experiment, individuals will be given a monthly payment of around $590, which is enough to prevent those individuals from becoming homeless, but obviously not enough to go clubbing on the weekends or live frivolously.
就芬蘭實驗這個案例來說，每個人每月將獲得大約590美金的報酬，這足以保障這些個體遠離無家可歸，但不足以讓他們週末能去俱樂部或者活得瀟灑。This is far from the first test of Basic Income, and in recent years many programs have sought to put the theory to the test, even in the United States.
這和首次“基本收入”測試相距甚遠，近年來，很多項目一直企圖將該理論付諸於時間，即便是在美國。Y Combinator launched a small pilot program to test Basic Income in Oakland, offering 100 residents up to $2,000 per month just for existing.
Y Combinator推出了一個小型試點計劃以測試奧克蘭的“基本收入”，他們每月爲100位居民提供2000美元生存。The program was small in scale and timeline, and many questioned whether or not it could possibly prove the theory one way or the other.
該項目範圍小時間短，很多人都質疑它能否以一種方式或其他方式證明該理論。At its heart, that's the problem with all test of Basic Income; When individuals know that it's only a test and that the benefits aren't permanent, they aren't likely to change their behavior.
在其核心處，所有的“基本收入”測試都有一個問題：當人們知道這只是一個測驗，這些福利不是長久之計時，他們不可能改變自己的行爲。If the test subjects in Finland find jobs and thrive, that doesn't necessarily prove that they wouldn't prefer to remain jobless if their Basic Income was promised for life.
如果芬蘭的測試主體找到工作並且發達起來了，那並不一定會證明，如果他們的“基本收入”被承諾終生時，他們不會更樂意失業。Whatever the case, it'll be interesting to see how the large-scale test pans out over the next 24 months.
無論如何，看看大規模測試如何在接下來的24個月內終結將是很有趣的。
