朝鮮鄰國稱讚“文金會”,中日疑慮猶存

China, Japan and Russia — North Korea’s neighbors — while offering praise for the summit meeting with South Korea that riveted the world this week, appeared to acknowledge one thing: Now comes the hard part.

與朝鮮爲鄰的中國、日本與俄羅斯盛讚本週牽動世界的朝韓首腦會議，與此同時，它們似乎也承認一件事：現在迎來了困難的部分。

Some analysts and media commentators expressed skepticism about the lack of specifics in the accord struck on Friday by the two countries to work toward nuclear disarmament and a peace treaty.

兩國於週五達成的協議旨在實現核裁軍和和平條約，因爲該協議缺乏具體細節，一些分析師和媒體評論員對它持懷疑態度。

They also warned that the agreement between the two Koreas would not amount to much unless the United States gave its approval at the coming meeting between President Trump and the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un.

他們還警告說，朝韓之間的協議除非在特朗普總統和朝鮮領導人金正恩(Kim Jong-un)即將舉行的會面上獲得美國首肯，否則不會有太多進展。

Others were more encouraging, suggesting that the agreement to work toward the complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula could be achieved in time.

還有一些人則持比較樂觀的態度，認爲令朝鮮半島向完全無核化方向努力的協議可以按時達成。

The North’s neighbors all have their own stakes in holding Pyongyang to any commitment that may come out of future talks.

未來談判中平壤做出的一切承諾能否得到履行，關係到每一個朝鮮鄰國的切身利益。

China, which has been enforcing United Nations economic sanctions against North Korea, its longtime but wayward ally, urged the two Koreas and other countries to “maintain the momentum for dialogue and work together to promote the denuclearization of the peninsula.”

長期以來，朝鮮是中國難以駕馭的盟友，中國一直在執行聯合國對朝鮮的經濟制裁，它敦促朝韓和其他國家“保持對話勢頭，合力推動半島無核化”。

“China welcomes it and extends its congratulations,” Lu Kang, the spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said of the accord.

“中國對此表示祝賀和歡迎，”外交部發言人陸慷在談到協議時說。

The Japanese prime minister, Shinzo Abe, described the commitment to denuclearization as a “positive move toward the comprehensive settlement of various issues surrounding North Korea.”

日本首相安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)說無核化承諾是“面向全面解決朝鮮各種問題的積極舉措”。

In Russia, the Kremlin hailed the agreement as “very positive.” Dmitri S. Peskov, spokesman for President Vladimir V. Putin, said Mr. Putin “has stressed many times that sustainable conflict resolution on the Korean Peninsula can only be based on direct dialogue of both sides.”

在俄羅斯，克里姆林宮稱讚該協議“非常積極”。弗拉基米爾·V·普京(Vladimir V. Putin)總統的發言人德米特里·S·佩斯科夫( Dmitri S. Peskov)說，普京“多次強調，朝鮮半島可持續的衝突解決辦法只能基於雙方直接對話。”

The accord set no timetable for denuclearization but said that the two sides planned to achieve a permanent peace within the year. Talks to end the 1950-53 Korean War would require negotiations involving the main combatants: North and South Korea, China and the United States.

該協定沒有制定無核化的時間表，但表示雙方計劃在今年內實現永久和平。要結束1950至1953年的朝鮮戰爭，需要在朝鮮和韓國，中國和美國這四個主要參戰國之間進行談判。

In Japan, there was caution about the lack of specifics in the inter-Korean accord. The document fell far short of the Trump administration’s demands for the dismantlement of the North’s arsenal and of the need for inspections to verify that the weapons no longer existed, officials and commentators said.

在日本，有人警告說朝韓之間的協定缺乏具體細節。一些官員和評論人士認爲，該文件遠遠沒有達到特朗普政府要求的核武裝解除；也沒有談及對核武解除狀況進行覈查的必要性。

The Japanese foreign minister, Taro Kono, called for North Korea to take “concrete actions for the dismantlement of all weapons of mass destruction, including biological and chemical weapons, and ballistic missiles of all ranges in a complete and irreversible manner.”

日本外務大臣河野太郎(Taro Kono)呼籲朝鮮“採取切實行動，以全面和不可逆轉的方式拆除所有大規模殺傷性武器，包括生物和化學武器，以及各種彈道導彈。”

Analysts in the Japanese news media also expressed doubts that Friday’s meeting was more than symbolic.

日本新聞媒體的分析人士也懷疑，週五的會談是否僅僅是象徵性的。

“Harmony was fully shown, but it’s a big mistake to interpret that there was big progress substantially,” an editorial in the right-leaning newspaper Sankei said, adding, “It’s very doubtful that the ‘denuclearization’ mentioned in the joint statement matches what has been discussed between Mr. Abe and Mr. Trump.”

“會談充分展現了和諧，但如果將之解讀爲大幅進展，那就大錯特錯了，”右傾報紙《產經新聞》(Sankei)的一篇社論說：“聯合聲明中提到的‘無核化’是否能與安倍和特朗普所討論的無核化相提並論，這一點非常值得懷疑”

Mr. Abe, who has strained relations with South Korea, implied that the new accord may not be too different from a similar commitment in 2007 between a previous South Korean president, Roh Moo-hyun, and Kim Jong-il, the father of the current North Korean leader. That accord fell apart soon after it was signed.

與韓國關係緊張的安倍晉三表示，新協議可能與2007年韓國前總統盧武鉉與現任朝鮮領導人之父金正日之間的類似承諾並無太大差異。那項協議在簽署不久後就作廢了。

“We would like to think about how we respond to the current statement, analyzing and comparing it with the past statement,” Mr. Abe said.

“我們要考慮如何對當前的聲明做出迴應，對之進行分析，並與過去的聲明進行比較，”安倍晉三說。

Of all the North’s neighbors, Japan is perhaps the most uneasy about the process that began at the inter-Korean summit meeting. It fears Washington could agree to trade away the North’s long-range intercontinental missiles that can hit the United States, but allow Pyongyang to keep its medium-range missiles, leaving Japan vulnerable.

在朝鮮的所有鄰國中，對於朝韓峯會所啓動的進程，日本可能是感覺最爲不安的國家。它擔心華盛頓可能會將朝鮮拆除可打擊美國的遠程洲際導彈作爲交換條件，但會允許平壤保留中程導彈，將日本置於危險之中。

Mr. Abe went out of his way to remind reporters that he had spent 11 hours with Mr. Trump this month, insisting his proximity to the American president meant he had not been left out of the negotiations over North Korea.

安倍特意提醒記者，4月份，他和特朗普共度了11個小時，堅稱他與美國總統的親近意味着他沒有被排除在朝鮮問題談判之外。

On Saturday morning, President Trump wrote in a Twitter post that he “just had a long and very good talk with President Moon of South Korea,” and added that he had also spoken with Mr. Abe “to inform him of the ongoing negotiations.”

週六上午，特朗普總統在Twitter上發帖稱，他“與韓國總統文在寅進行了長時間的、非常友好的談話”，還表示，他也與安倍晉三進行了交談，“告知他正在進行的談判的情況”。

In China, the state-run news media, which generally reflects the attitudes of the government, stressed the need for the United States to quickly enter the picture and seal the deal made between South Korea’s president, Moon Jae-in, and Mr. Kim.

在中國，通常反映政府態度的官方新聞媒體強調，美國需要迅速參與，敲定韓國總統文在寅和金正恩達成的協議。

“The Kim-Moon summit will write the goal of denuclearization and strive to end the state of war in the Declaration of Panmunjom,” one Chinese newspaper, the Global Times, said in an editorial. “But they are all writing about the vision rather than the exact plan.”

“金文會把無核化目標和爭取結束戰爭狀態都寫進了《板門店宣言》，”中國報紙《環球時報》在社論中說，“但寫的都是願景，而不是確切的計劃。”

Cheng Xiaohe, a professor of international relations at Renmin University, said it was too much to expect the two Korean leaders to come up with a definitive prescription for ending the North’s nuclear program in just one day.

中國人民大學國際關係學教授成曉河表示，期望朝韓兩國領導人在一天之內拿出結束朝鮮核項目的最終方案，是過高的期望。

“Kim Jong-un has to leave some gifts for Trump,” Mr. Cheng said. “This summit got a lot of results for an inter-Korean meeting.”

“金正恩必須給特朗普留一些禮物，”成曉河說。“作爲朝韓之間的一次會議，這次峯會取得了很多成果。”

But there was no question that China remained sidelined in the rapprochement between North and South, and it was nowhere to be seen in the prelude to the meeting between Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim, said Shen Zhihua, a prominent Chinese historian who has written extensively on North Korea.

不過，曾寫過大量關於朝鮮的文章的中國著名史學家沈志華表示，毫無疑問，中國在朝韓和解中仍處於邊緣地位，在特朗普與金正恩會晤之前，沒有看到中國的任何蹤跡。

North Korea’s goal was to keep its nuclear weapons and to be recognized as a nuclear power, Mr. Shen said in an interview broadcast by Voice of America.

沈志華在接受美國之音(Voice of America)廣播採訪時表示，朝鮮的目標是保留自己的核武器，被承認爲一個核大國。

In the end, the North could persuade other countries to let it keep its nuclear arsenal, or at least part of it. And in the process, Mr. Shen said, China could be left permanently on the outside — with North Korea leaning toward the United States.

最後，朝鮮可能會說服其他國家允許它保留核武庫，或者至少保留其中一部分。沈志華表示，在這個過程中，中國可能會被永遠留在局外，朝鮮會轉而依靠美國。

“Many Chinese people are very optimistic now,” he said, but added: “It does not seem that simple. If North Korea holds a nuclear weapon, it will not hit South Korea. Will it hit Japan? It does not dare. It also will not dare to fight the United States. If you look at history, North Korea is not sure about China and has a mind of revenge toward China.”

“現在很多人非常樂觀，”他說。但他表示，“好像不是那麼簡單的事兒。朝鮮擁核它是不會打韓國的。它也不敢打日本，更不敢打美國，這個看看歷史就知道了，朝鮮對中國既不放心，又有一種復仇的心理。”

In addition, families of Japanese citizens abducted by North Korean spies four decades ago had hoped that Mr. Moon would raise the issue in his meeting with Mr. Kim. That seemed a distant hope. Human rights activists who asked Mr. Moon to get commitments from Mr. Kim on reforming the North’s vicious prison system were also disappointed.

此外，40年前被朝鮮間諜綁架的日本公民的家人希望文在寅同金正恩會晤時提起這個問題。這個希望很渺茫。那些請求文在寅從金正恩那裏得到承諾，改革朝鮮殘暴監獄系統的人權活動人士也感到失望。

Speaking to reporters in front of his home in Saitama, a suburb of Tokyo, Shigeo Iizuka, a brother of Yaeko Taguchi, one of the kidnapped, said that he was “disappointed” the abductions were not mentioned in the joint statement.

被綁架的田口八重子(Yaeko Taguchi)的哥哥飯冢成夫（Shigeo Iizuka，音）在東京郊區埼玉縣家中接受記者採訪時表示，他對聯合聲明中沒有提及綁架感到“失望”。

The summit meeting, Mr. Iizuka said, “was a big event that will be remembered as a page of history. I got the impression it was a superficial performance without substance.”

飯冢表示，這次峯會“是會被載入史冊的大事。但我的印象是，它是一場沒有實質內容的膚淺表演”。