你家無人機註冊了嗎 美擬加強對無人機監管

In the United States, drones have interfered with aircraft trying to put out wildfires. They have buzzed dangerously close to jets taking off at airports and have irritated fans at sports events by hovering over stadiums.

在美國，無人機已經干擾了用來撲滅山火的飛機。有時候嗡嗡轟鳴着，危險地逼近機場上起飛中的噴氣機，還有的時候，它盤旋在體育場上空，令賽事觀衆們頗爲不快。

Now federal regulators, hoping to discourage mischief and negligence among drone pilots, are proposing a new system to require owners to register their unmanned aircraft.

現在聯邦監管者提出成立一個新系統，要求機主註冊自己擁有的無人機，以此遏制無人機飛行當中的惡作劇與疏忽現象。

At an event in Washington on Monday, the transportation secretary, Anthony Foxx, said the department had formed a task force to come up with the details for the registration process. The task force will be composed of more than two dozen representatives from the drone and manned aviation industries, federal government and other groups.

週一，在華盛頓的一次會議上，運輸部長安東尼·福克斯(Anthony Foxx)說，運輸部已經成立專案組，制定這一登記程序的具體細節。該專案組由20多名成員組成，分別來自無人駕駛與有人駕駛航空業、聯邦政府與其他組織。

Mr. Foxx asked the group to deliver a report with its findings by Nov. 20, with the goal of putting them into place by December, an unusually speedy process for a new aviation rule with the potential to affect millions of drones. Mr. Foxx said the department was motivated to act fast because of growing reports of safety violations by drones, and because the devices are expected to be big sellers during the holiday season.

福克斯要求這一小組在11月20日前遞交一份報告，目的是於12月付諸實施，鑑於這項新航空規定可能會影響到數以百萬計的無人機，速度快得非同尋常。福克斯說，運輸部想做出快速反應，是因爲部門接到的無人機影響安全的報告越來越多，而且一到假期，這種東西肯定會大賣。

“We feel the level of urgency here is sufficient for us to move as quickly as we possibly can,” he said.

“我們覺得這件事的緊迫性足以讓我們儘快採取行動，”他說。

Some drone makers were concerned, though, by the lack of detail about how the system will work and the speed with which the task force has been ordered to work out those particulars. Many questions about the regulation are unsettled, including exactly which drones are considered so harmless that they should be exempt from the new rules. The department said the regulations would not apply to toys and other small drones that posed low safety risks.

不過，有些無人機生產者表示擔心，因爲這個系統如何運作，目前缺乏細節，而且專案組被要求很快制定出相關條文。關於這個規定，目前有很多問題都懸而未決，包括什麼樣的無人機應當被認爲完全無害，可以排除在這些新規定裏。運輸部說，這些規定不適用於玩具無人機，以及其他低安全風險的小型無人機。

“Whether a national drone registration system is workable and serves the purposes articulated by the secretary will depend on the criteria used to determine which drones are included, and the burden that is imposed on the public,” Brendan Schulman, vice president for policy and legal affairs at DJI, a leading Chinese drone maker, wrote in an email. “DJI is a strong supporter of drone safety initiatives, but the deadline announced today is extremely ambitious and surprising considering that the rule-making process for civilian drones has been in progress for a decade.”

“全國無人機登記系統是否有效，能不能達到部長所強調的目的，關鍵在於對包含在規定中的無人機定義標準，以及該系統對公衆所造成的負擔，”中國頂尖無人機生產商DJI公司負責政策與法律事務的副總裁布倫丹·舒爾曼(Brendan Schulman)在電子郵件中說。“DJI非常支持無人機安全倡議，但是鑑於爲民用無人機制定規則的進程已經持續了十年，今天宣佈的截止日期實在過於艱鉅，令人吃驚。”

It is not clear, for example, whether drones registered with the government will have to be physically labeled with the equivalent of a vehicle license plate — using a sticker, perhaps — or whether drones will be configured to electronically broadcast a unique registration number. A sticker could be useful if law enforcement officials are able to take possession of a drone after a crash. But it might not be as helpful if drone operators simply flew their devices away.

比如，在政府登記的無人機是否應當懸掛和機動車牌照類似的實體牌照——可能會使用不乾膠——又或者無人機是否應當配備具有獨一無二的登記號的電子廣播。這些目前都不清晰。如果執法人員能夠在事故後得到無人機實體，不乾膠可能有用。但如果無人機操作者讓無人機逃掉了，那不乾膠就沒用了。

Anyone who fails to register a drone could face civil fines up to $27,500 and, if warranted, criminal penalties up to $250,000 or up to three years in jail, or both, according to a spokesman for the Federal Aviation Administration. He said the rule would apply to drones already sold, not just new ones. Recreational fliers of drones do not have to be licensed, though there are stricter rules for commercial operators.

聯邦航空管理局的發言人說，沒有給自己的無人機作登記的機主可能會面臨高達27500美元的民事罰款，如有必要，還會受到最高25萬美元的刑事罰款，或入獄三年，又或二者兼有。他說，這項規定不僅適用於新的無人機，也適用於已經售出的無人機。娛樂宣傳用的小型無人機不必登記，但對於商業運營者將有更加嚴格的規定。

The registration proposal is just one of many measures that federal regulators are taking to open the skies to drones operated by civilians. The Federal Aviation Administration, which is part of the Transportation Department, has also introduced public education initiatives, including a “Know Before You Fly” campaign aimed at spreading awareness about aviation rules among drone operators.

這項規定草案是聯邦監管者採取的衆多措施之一，旨在向平民擁有的無人機開放領空。聯邦航空管理局隸屬運輸部，它已經發起了若干公衆教育活動，比如向無人機操作者宣傳有關航空規定的“飛前須知”活動。

A “No Drone Zone” campaign uses signs showing a slash through a drone to let operators know where the devices are prohibited — near airports, for instance.

“無人機禁飛區”活動使用了在無人機圖案上畫一道斜線的標識，讓操作者明白，哪些地方是禁止無人機飛行的——比如說機場附近。

“This isn’t riding your A.T.V. on your own property,” Mr. Foxx said. “This is going into space where other users are occupying that space. It’s a matter of responsibility that we take seriously.”

“這和在自己家的地皮上開越野沙灘車不一樣，”福克斯說，“你進入的空間裏還有其他用戶。這是我們要認真對待的責任。”