美司法部要求英國引渡維基解密創始人阿桑奇

The Justice Department has formally asked Britain to extradite WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange to the United States to face charges related to his release of a massive trove of secret diplomatic cables and war logs, a U.S. official said on Tuesday.
一名美國官員週二表示，美國司法部已正式要求英國將維基解密創始人阿桑奇引渡到美國。阿桑奇將面臨與泄露大量機密外交電報和戰爭信息有關的多項指控。

A formal request for Assange’s extradition was delivered to British authorities last Thursday, just days before a June 11 deadline.
美國在上週四、也就是在6月11日截止日幾天前向英國當局送交了引渡阿桑奇的正式請求。

Under an extradition treaty with the United Kingdom, the U.S. had 60 days from the date of Assange’s April 11 arrest in London to file a formal request for his handover. The treaty bars U.S. prosecutors from charging Assange with crimes not outlined in the request, making the filing of additional counts against Assange highly unlikely.
根據與英國簽署的引渡條約，從阿桑奇4月11日在倫敦被捕之日起，美國有60天的時間向英國遞交正式移交請求。引渡條約禁止美國檢察官以請求中未列明的罪名起訴阿桑奇，因此阿桑奇面對更多指控的可能性非常小。

The Australian-born computer programmer and activist is being sought to face charges in federal court in Northern Virginia that he worked with former Army specialist Chelsea Manning to unlawfully obtain and publish hundreds of thousands of reports about the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq as well as conditions within the military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
北弗吉尼亞州的聯邦法院要求這位澳大利亞出生的計算機程序員和活動人士出庭受審。阿桑奇被控與前陸軍軍人曼寧合作，非法獲取並公佈了數十萬份有關阿富汗和伊拉克戰爭，以及古巴關塔那摩軍事監獄情況的報告。

Assange had eluded arrest for seven years by holing up in Ecuador's embassy in London until Ecuadorian officials turned against him in April.
七年來，阿桑奇一直在厄瓜多爾駐倫敦大使館裏躲避逮捕，直到今年4月厄瓜多爾官員撤銷他的庇護身份。

After his arrest by London police, U.S. prosecutors unsealed a year-old indictment charging him with a single count of computer intrusion in connection with the publication of the secret documents. But last month, they upped the ante, accusing Assange in a new 18-count superseding indictment of violating the 1917 Espionage Act by distributing classified information.
在阿桑奇被倫敦警方逮捕後，美國檢察官公佈了一份一年前的起訴書，僅指控阿桑奇在公佈機密文件過程中侵入電腦。但上個月，他們加大了力度，在一份包括18項指控的新起訴書中，阿桑奇被控散佈機密信息，違反了《1917年間諜法》。

Assange, 47, faces up to 10 years in prison for each of the new charges.
47歲的阿桑奇在每一項最新的指控中最高可判10年監禁。

The Espionage Act was enacted by Congress to deter spies from passing secret information to foreign governments. The last time a grand jury returned an indictment under the law the U.S. was at war with Nazi Germany.
美國國會通過《間諜法》是爲了阻止間諜向外國政府傳遞機密信息。大陪審團上一次根據該法發佈起訴書是在二戰期間。

Yet it remains far from certain that Assange will stand trial in the United States. That is because the U.S.-U.K. treaty prohibits extradition for the specific charges Assange faces, according to legal experts.
然而，阿桑奇是否會在美國受審還遠未確定。據法律專家稱，這是因爲美英條約禁止引渡阿桑奇面臨的這種特殊指控。

“Espionage is generally considered a political offense, and the treaty forbids extraditing someone charged with political offenses,” John T. Nelson, a legal fellow at the Just Security blog, wrote recently.
Just Security博客的法律研究員納爾遜(John T. Nelson)最近寫道，“間諜活動通常被認爲是一種政治犯罪，條約禁止引渡被控政治犯罪的人。”

Assange founded WikiLeaks in 2006 as “an intelligence agency of the people." To obtain secret documents to publish on his website, he “repeatedly encouraged sources with access to classified information to steal and provide it to WikiLeaks to disclose,” prosecutors wrote in the superseding indictment.
阿桑奇於2006年創建了維基解密，稱其爲“人民的情報機構”。檢方在新的起訴書中寫道，爲了獲得要發佈在其網站上的機密文件，他“一再鼓勵接觸機密信息渠道的人士竊取信息，並提供給維基解密予以披露”。

The WikiLeaks founder took refuge at the Ecuadorian embassy in London in 2012 to avoid extradition to Sweden to face sex crime allegations made by two women. A Swedish court ruled last week that Assange should not be extradited to Sweden but should still be questioned in the case while he is imprisoned in Britain.
阿桑奇2012年開始在厄瓜多爾駐倫敦大使館避難，以避免被引渡到瑞典面對兩名女性的性犯罪指控。瑞典一家法院上週裁定，阿桑奇不應被引渡到瑞典，但他在英國服刑期間仍應接受審訊。