美國準備在網絡戰中採取主動

The United States is prepared to go on the offensive in cyberspace to ensure adversaries know there is a price to pay for hacks, network intrusions and other types of attacks.

President Donald Trump signed a new National Cyber Strategy Thursday, calling for a more aggressive response to the growing online threat posed by other countries, terrorist groups and criminal organizations.

"My administration will use all available means to keep America safe from cyberthreats," Trump said in a statement, calling the new strategy an "important step."

Other key officials called the new strategy an important and badly needed change.

"We're not just on defense," National Security Advisor John Bolton told reporters. "We're going to do a lot of things offensively and I think our adversaries need to know that."

"Our hands are not tied as they were in the Obama administration," he added.

The strategy, which takes effect immediately, is being billed by the Trump administration as the first "fully articulated" cyber strategy in 15 years, providing direction to various departments and agencies on how best to protect their data as well as the private data of millions of Americans.

It also calls for specific measures to harden U.S. government networks from attacks, like the June 2015 intrusion into the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM), which compromised the records of about 4.2 million current and former government employees，an attack attributed to China.

The new strategy comes less than two months before the U.S. midterm elections on November 6, and as key security and intelligence officials have amplified their warnings that Russia and other adversaries, like China, Iran and North Korea, may seek to use cyber means to interfere.

The new U.S. cyber strategy seeks to allay some of those concerns by promoting responsible behavior in cyberspace, urging nations to adhere to a set of norms, both though international law and voluntary standards.

As for what offensive cyber measures might look like, Bolton would not say. But White House officials contend they have already made it easier for the military to hack back by reversing a directive from the Obama administration known as PPD-20, which created what they describe as a lengthy approval process for any offensive operation.美國準備在網絡空間採取攻勢，確保對手明確知道，要爲黑客攻擊、網絡入侵和任何其它形式的攻擊付出代價。

美國總統特朗普星期四簽署了一項新的國家網絡戰略，要以更積極的行動應對來自其它國家、恐怖組織和犯罪組織不斷增加的網絡威脅。

特朗普總統在一份聲明中說：“行政當局將採取一切可行手段保護美國不受網絡威脅。”他還表示，新戰略是“重要一步”。

美國政府其他高級官員說，新戰略是一項重要而急需的改革。

美國國家安全顧問博爾頓對記者說：“我們不能只是防禦。我們要採取很多主動行動。我認爲我們的對手需要知道這一點。”

他補充說，“我們不再像奧巴馬時期那樣被捆住手腳。”

特朗普行政當局稱這項立即生效的戰略是15年來美國首次對網絡戰略的“全面闡述”，爲美國政府各部門和機構提供指導，如何對它們的數據以及數百萬美國民衆的個人信息提供最佳保護。

新戰略還要求採取具體措施，加強美國政府網絡不受攻擊，例如2015年6月針對美國人事管理辦公室（OPM）網絡的入侵，導致約420萬名現任和前任政府僱員的記錄被盜。這次攻擊被認爲是中國所爲。

這一新戰略在11月6日的美國中期選舉前不到兩個月推出，一些重要的安全和情報官員已經加強警告，俄羅斯和美國的其他對手，例如中國、伊朗和朝鮮，可能會設法利用網絡干涉選舉。

至於轉守爲攻的網絡措施可能有哪些，博爾頓不願說明。但白宮官員表示，這些措施已經推翻了前奧巴馬政府的一項指令，帶給軍方更大便利發動黑客反擊行動，而之前的指令使得任何網絡進攻行動都要經過漫長審批程序。