蘋果推出新應用 專治手機上癮

Apple has unveiled digital wellbeing tools to help people reduce the time they spend glued to their screens.

蘋果公司推出了一款數字健康工具，以幫助人們減少沉迷於手機的時間。

A new app called Screen Time will offer iPhone and iPad users a dashboard highlighting how much time they have spent using which apps, how many notifications they receive, how often they pick up their device and how their usage patterns compare to the average.

這款名爲“屏幕時間”的新應用面向的是蘋果手機和蘋果平板電腦的用戶，將會用數字儀表板的形式顯示出用戶使用哪一款應用消耗了多少時間，用戶收到了多少個通知，以及他們拿起手機的頻率，還有他們的使用模式和平均水平的對比。

The app also lets users set daily time limits for individual apps, and a notification will be shown when the time limit is about to expire. Parents will be able to access their children’s activity reports from their own devices to understand and manage their browsing habits.

這款應用還讓用戶設置單個應用的每日使用時間上限，時間快到時會發出通知。父母將能夠在自己的手機上訪問孩子的活動報告，瞭解和管理孩子的瀏覽習慣。

“Some apps send us flurries of notifications trying to draw us in for fear of missing out,” said Apple’s senior vice-president of Software Engineering, Craig Federighi, speaking to a 6,000-strong audience at WWDC, Apple’s annual developer conference, at the McEnery Convention Center in San Jose on Monday. “For some of us it’s become such a habit we don’t even recognise just how distracted we’ve become.”

蘋果公司軟件工程高級副總裁克雷格·費德里吉在全球開發者大會上對6000名聽衆說道：“一些應用因爲害怕用戶錯過內容，不停地發送通知來吸引我們。對一些人來說，看手機已經成爲一種習慣，我們甚至都意識不到自己分神的嚴重程度。”蘋果一年一度的全球開發者大會本週一在聖何塞麥克恩利會議中心舉行。

Screen Time will be available with iOS 12, the latest version of Apple’s mobile operating system, which launches later this year.

“屏幕時間”應用將會出現在蘋果新一代手機操作系統iOS 12上，該操作系統將於今年晚些時候發佈。

Other digital wellbeing features to launch with iOS 12 include enhancements to the “do not disturb” feature, including a bedtime mode that dims the display and hides all notifications from the lock screen until prompted in the morning.

隨iOS 12一同發佈的其他數字健康軟件還有免打擾功能的升級版，包括可以調暗屏幕並隱藏鎖屏上的所有通知直到用戶晨起查看的睡眠模式。

The new operating system will also let users control how notifications are delivered to reduce interruptions, including the ability to group together notifications or turn them off completely. Apple’s virtual assistant Siri will also make suggestions for notification settings based on which alerts people act upon.

新的操作系統還能讓用戶控制通知發送方式以減少打擾，包括給通知分組或完全關閉通知。蘋果的虛擬助手Siri將基於用戶看到通知後的反應提出關於通知設置的建議。

The focus on digital wellbeing comes at a time when technology companies including Facebook, Twitter, Google and Apple are being scrutinised for their use of habit-forming design practices that encourage people to spend more time on their devices, such as infinite scrolling, notifications and other behavioural “nudges”.

發佈這些數字健康軟件的當口，正值臉譜網、推特、谷歌和蘋果等技術公司因爲讓用戶上癮的設計手法而接受審查。這些設計鼓勵人們花更多時間使用手機，比如不停翻閱滾動頁面、沒完沒了的通知以及其他促使用戶看手機的小伎倆。

Apple’s tools are very similar to those announced by Google last month at its own annual developer conference, Google I/O. The latest version of Google’s mobile operating system, Android P, also comes with an “app dashboard” which allows users to set time limits on individual apps as well as a wind-down mode before bedtime that stops notifications and turns the screen to greyscale.

蘋果的這些新軟件和谷歌上個月在自己的年度開發者大會——谷歌I/O大會上宣佈的新功能非常相似。谷歌最新版的手機操作系統安卓P也帶有讓用戶設置單個應用使用時間限制的“儀表板應用”，以及在睡覺前停止發送通知和將屏幕調成灰色的淡出模式。

The company also doubled down on its commitment to privacy with the introduction of tools to prevent advertisers from tracking users of Apple devices from being tracked online.

蘋果公司還加倍重視保護用戶隱私，引進一系列工具，以防止廣告商在線跟蹤蘋果手機的用戶。

In a direct swipe at Facebook, Federighi explained how “like buttons and share buttons” and comment features can “be used to track you whether you click on them or not”.

費德里吉給了臉譜網當頭一棒，解釋了“點贊按鈕和分享按鈕”以及評論功能是如何“被用來跟蹤你的，無論你是否點擊了這些按鈕”。

“This year we’re shutting that down,” he said, adding that people can interact with these features if they choose to, but they won’t be tracked by default on an Apple computer if they use the native Safari browser on the next version of its desktop operating system, macOS Mojave.

他說：“今年我們要終止這種跟蹤，”並補充說，人們可以選擇用這些功能進行互動，但不會在蘋果電腦新版桌面操作系統macOS Mojave默認自帶的Safari 瀏覽器上被跟蹤。

The company is also clamping down on a technique called “fingerprinting” which allows advertisers to identify and track individual web users based on the unique way their computer is set up, including the device, operating system and fonts they are using.

蘋果還將打擊一種名爲“指紋識別”的技術，這種技術允許廣告商基於每臺電腦的獨特設置，包括裝置、操作系統和字體，來識別和跟蹤個人網絡用戶。

“Put simply, there are two big classes of tracking: cookies and fingerprinting,” said Dr Lukasz Olejnik, independent security and privacy researcher and consultant. “It appears that Apple has set a goal to go after all techniques that may be used in third-party tracking. It’s an arms race and I believe Apple may be winning.”

獨立安全隱私研究員和顧問盧卡什·奧勒傑尼克博士說：“簡單來說，跟蹤技術主要有兩種：cookie文件和指紋識別。看起來蘋果公司已經確立了目標，要幹掉所有可能被用於第三方跟蹤的技術。這是一場‘軍備’競賽，我認爲蘋果可能會贏。”