里約殘奧會俄羅斯被全面禁賽

Russian athletes have been banned from competing at the Rio 2016 Paralympics following the country's doping scandal.

被爆興奮劑醜聞後，俄羅斯運動員被禁止參加2016年裏約殘奧會。

The McLaren report, published last month, detailed a state-sponsored doping programme operated by Russia.

於上月公佈的《麥克拉倫報告》詳細指出，俄羅斯由國家主導有組織地使用了興奮劑。

The Russian Paralympic Committee is to appeal against the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport.

俄羅斯殘奧委會將對此向體育仲裁法庭提出上訴。

In contrast to the IPC, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) chose not to hand Russia a blanket ban from the Olympic Games.

國際奧委會（IOC）做出的決定與國際殘奧委會不同，他們選擇不完全禁止俄羅斯參加奧運會。

The Rio 2016 Paralympics begin in 31 days' time, on 7 September, and 267 Russian athletes across 18 sports will now miss the Games.

離2016年9月7日開始的里約殘奧會還有31天，本應參加18個項目的267名俄羅斯運動員將與殘奧會失之交臂。

"The anti-doping system in Russia is broken, corrupted and entirely compromised," said IPC president Sir Philip Craven at a news conference on Sunday.

在上週日的新聞發佈會上，國際殘奧委會主席菲利普•克雷文說：“俄羅斯的反興奮劑系統已經崩潰，墮落，而且完全違背準則。”

"The Russian Paralympic Committee are unable to ensure compliance with and enforcement of the IPC anti-doping code and the world anti-doping code within their own national jurisdiction and they can not fulfill its fundamental obligation as an IPC member.

“在本國的管轄範圍內，俄羅斯殘奧委會無法遵守和執行國際殘奧委會和世界反興奮劑機構的相關規定，也無法履行作爲國際殘奧委會成員的基本義務。”

"As a result, the Russian Paralympic Committee is suspended with immediate effect."

“因此，俄羅斯殘奧委會即日起被禁賽。”

Russian Paralympic Committee member Evgeniy Bukharov told reporters: "I'm disappointed and really shocked. The IOC decided to stay for the rights of the clean athletes and only to fight against the athletes who are involved in doping.

俄殘奧委會委員葉夫根尼•布哈洛夫接受記者採訪時稱：“我很失望，也大吃一驚。對於未染指興奮劑的運動員，國際奧委會決定保留其參賽權，只禁止那些使用興奮劑的運動員參賽。”

"I spoke with my team-mates from the organising committee and saw the reaction of the Russian Paralympic team, the athletes and coaches. They are very frustrated with this decision. If someone over four years tries to do their best to participate in the Games, suddenly to hear that they should not participate frustrated them."

“我與組委會的同仁談話，看到了俄羅斯殘奧隊運動員和教練的反應。他們對這個決定感到非常沮喪。爲了參加奧運會，四年以來他們竭盡全力，現在卻突然聽說不能參加了，這使他們感到非常挫敗。”

Why was Russia banned?

爲什麼俄羅斯被禁賽？

Canadian law professor Richard McLaren's report found that Russia's sports ministry manipulated urine samples provided by its athletes between 2011 and 2015.

加拿大法學教授理查德•麥克拉倫的報告發現，2011年至2015年期間，俄羅斯體育部門對其運動員的尿檢樣本動了手腳。

The report identified 27 samples relating to eight Para-sports, five of which are summer sports, including some governed by the IPC.

該報告確定了涉及8個殘奧會體育項目的27個尿檢樣本，其中5個是夏季奧運會的項目，包括一些由國際殘奧委會管理的項目。

The IPC has also found evidence that samples were swapped during the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Games and it planned to reanalyse every Russian sample from Sochi.

國際殘奧委會也發現了2014年索契冬季殘奧會期間尿檢樣本被調換的證據，並計劃重新審查索契奧運會上每個俄羅斯運動員的尿檢樣本。