NBA籃球教練的哲學(2)

Style of play

比賽的風格

Some coaches are "go" coaches and like the fast-break, full-court press, gambling, trapping, and like the game to be a track meet. This style of play is ideal for a team with lots of quick, athletic players and a deep bench, allowing for lots of substituting. This style is often liked by players, parents and fans because it lets players "play the game" and more players get playing time, helping maintain team harmony.

有些教練是“跑”型教練，喜歡快攻、全場緊逼、賭博搶斷、包夾防守，讓籃球成爲一場田徑比賽。這種風格的打法對於有多個快速、敏捷的球員和板凳深度的球隊來說是比較理想的，允許大量的輪換。這種風格經常受到球員、他們的父母和球迷的喜愛，因爲這樣可以讓球員“打上比賽”，更多的球員得到上場時間，幫助維持團隊的和諧。

Other coaches are "whoa" coaches who like a more deliberate, slower-paced game with little risk taking. This style favors a team with strong inside post players who are better in a half-court type of game, rather than a running game. Teams without quick, great ball-handling guards would do better with this style of play.

其他教練是“籲”型教練，更喜歡一個從容不迫的，節奏較慢的比賽，而且很少去冒險。這種風格適用於擁有一個強大內線球員的球隊，他們在半場中表現比整場跑動效果更好。球隊如果沒有速度快、運球好的控衛，這種風格會更讓他們更好發揮。

Teams with very little "bench depth" will be better off too since key players will be able to play more minutes in a slower paced game. Additionally, coaches may feel they have more control over a team that plays this style of game, with more control over each possession.

板凳深度不夠的球隊也會更好，因爲關鍵球員可以在慢節奏的比賽中多打幾分鐘。此外，這種風格的比賽教練會覺得他們能更好地控制球隊，對每個細節都有更多的控制權。

Flexibility is key here. Some years, you may have race horses and you can use the running game. Other years, you may have mules and bulls and will find the slower paced, inside power game better. Even if you are a coach that structures your entire program on one style of play, you may find that you will need to be flexible in some game situations.

靈活性是關鍵。有些年，你可能有賽馬一樣的球員，就可以使用炮轟比賽戰術。其他時候，球隊裏都是小騾子、老黃牛這樣的運動員，你會發現節奏較慢的比賽更好。即使你是一個風格單一的教練，你可能會發現在某些情況下也需要靈活多變。

For example, we like to press and run. But when we have a couple of our slower players in the game, we may have to drop the press in favor of good half-court defense.

例如，我們喜歡壓迫，但是當我們在比賽中有幾個較慢的球員時，我們可能爲了半場防守不得不放棄壓迫對方。

Although our basic system may be the same from year to year, our play calling will change. Some years, we have a good post player and we will use plays designed to get the ball inside. Other years, our shooting guard or our point guard may be our best player. We will use plays designed to get our best shooters open shots.

雖然我們的基本體系可能每年都是一樣的，但是我們的球員也會改變。某些年，我們有一個優秀的內線球員，我們應該在比賽中更好往裏打。其他幾年，我們的得分後衛或者控球后衛可能是我們最好的球員，我們應該將讓我們的射手們更多的空位投籃。

Prepare your team

準備好你的球隊

Preparing your team for a game is more important than any courtside game-coaching "wizardry". It's true that good coaching may help determine the outcome of a closely played game, but preparation is much more important. Preparation means teaching kids correct fundamentals and team skills.

爲比賽準備好你的球隊，比準備好場邊的“魔法”更重要。的確，好的教練可能決定一場比賽的勝負，但準備更加重要。做好準備工作，意味着從小就教球員們正確的基本原則和球隊技巧。

Having great practices are key as you "play like you practice". If you play and compete hard in practice every day, it's more likely you will play that way in a game. So make your practices competitive and upbeat. Prepare a lesson plan for each practice, selecting those drills that will help your style of play and game plan.

大量的訓練是關鍵，因爲你“比賽就像練習”。如果你每天都在比賽中刻苦練習，你很可能會在比賽中也這樣做。因此，讓你的訓練有競爭性和樂觀性。爲每一個練習準備一個課程計劃，選擇那些有助於你的比賽風格和比賽計劃的練習。

Know your opponent through scouting, film, previous experience, and work on your game plan in practice... how you are going to stop them defensively, and what you can do offensively.

通過觀察、錄像、以及以前的經驗。瞭解你的對手，在實踐中制定你的計劃……你打算如何去防守他們，自己又如何進攻。

Foster a great work ethic

培養偉大的職業道德

Once they lace up their shoes and walk onto the court, all of the day's problems and issues are put aside, and each player must focus on the job at hand. Each player owes it to the other players to practice and compete as hard as he/she can. Every player, coach, assistant, manager, etc has a job to do. Your star players and seniors should lead by example and work hardest of all, and set the tone for the entire team.

一旦他們把鞋帶繫好，走上球場，所有的場外問題都放在一邊，每個球員都必須專注於比賽。每位隊員都努力訓練，激烈競爭，他們要對得起這些同樣努力的隊友。每個球員、教練、助理、經理等都有事情要做。你的明星球員和前輩應該以身作則，最努力地工作，爲整個球隊定下基調。

Team concept

球隊的理念

The coach must instill the concept of "team", rather than the individual. A cooperative team spirit must be cultivated both on and off the court. A team whose players come to understand that they are part of something more important and bigger than their individual considerations, and become unselfish in their thinking, will achieve more and will obtain more satisfaction from the overall experience.

教練必須灌輸“球隊”的理念，而不是個體。在球場內外都必須培養球隊合作精神。球員們要逐漸認識到，他們是球隊的一部分，球隊比他們個人的私利更重要更偉大，這樣他們會變得無私；這樣的球員組成的隊伍，才能飛得更高，獲得更多讓自己滿意的成績。

A team must arrive at the notion of a singleness of purpose and a dedication to the course. The idea of "don't let your buddy down" is a good one.

一個球隊必須達成統一的目標和對事業的獻身精神。“不要讓你的夥伴失望”就是個不錯的隊訓。

Belief in the system

體系的信念

You must get everyone onboard and believe in your system and your style of basketball. Players and assistants must be totally dedicated and believe in what they are doing. Instruct, explain, diagram what you are trying to do. Players must be confident that (all other things being equal) if they practice hard, prepare, and play hard, they deserve to win, since the team that plays and practices hardest usually wins.

你必須讓團隊的每個人相信你的體系和你的籃球風格。球員和助教必須全心投入並相信他們做的。指導，解釋，圖解你要做的事情。球員必須自信（同等條件下），如果他們努力訓練、準備，努力比賽，他們理應獲勝，因爲比賽和訓練最刻苦的球隊，纔是最容易獲勝的球隊。

Goals

目標

Set goals for your team, your program, and your individual players. Having fun should be right at the top of the list. Most players will never play college basketball. Even those who do, will often return several years later and say that playing high school basketball was the most fun they ever had, and this is one of the best compliments they can give you.

爲你的球隊、你的校隊以及裏面每一個球員設定目標。樂趣應該排在最前面。大多數球員進不了大學籃球隊。即使是那些打進的人，也會在幾年後回來，說打高中籃球是他們最有趣的事情，這是他們能給你的最好的稱讚之一。

Team goals could vary from year to year. A team goal might be to win the state championship, or the conference title, or maybe to finish above 500 with a winning record. With a team lacking in talent or experience, it might be to just be a better team by the end of the season, in preparation for next year.

球隊的目標每年都會有所不同。一個隊的目標可能是贏得州冠軍，或分區冠軍，或者保持50%以上的勝率。對於一支缺乏天賦和經驗的球隊來說，目標可能是在賽季結束前成爲一支更好的球隊，爲下一年做好準備。

Individual player goals might be developing a post player's moves and strength, or a guard's dribbling, ball-handling, and shooting. But personal character goals are even more important... developing priorities, commitment, work ethic, trust, loyalty, etc.

個人球員的目標可能是加強球員的移動和力量，或後衛的運球，控球和投籃。但個人人格的目標更爲重要……學會分清輕重緩急、承諾、職業道德、信任、忠誠等。

Winning effort

成功的努力

"If you make every game a life-and-death thing, you're going to have problems. You'll be dead a lot." - Hall of Fame Coach Dean Smith

“如果你把每場比賽都當作生死之戰，那你就有問題了，你會死很多次的。”-名人堂教練迪恩·史密斯

Players feel the pressure of having to win an important game. Rather than focusing on the "win", shift the focus to each player having fun and giving a "winning effort". If each player plays and competes as hard as he/she can, then the winning and losing is less worrisome. There is no shame in losing to a better opponent if you have played as hard as you can.

球員們感受到必須贏得一場重要比賽的壓力。與其把注意力集中在“贏”上，不如把注意力轉移到樂趣上，並給予“成功的努力”。如果每個球員都像他/她一樣努力比賽，那麼贏與輸就不那麼令人擔憂了。如果你盡力去拼了，輸給一個更好的對手是沒有羞恥的。

Winning effort also goes back to work ethic and competing as hard as you can in practice every day. Players make each other better by competing hard in practice. If your team does not compete hard in practice, it's unlikely that any pre-game motivational speech will get them to play any harder.

成功的努力也會回到職業道德中去，每天訓練都在努力地拼搏。運動員通過刻苦練習而使彼此變得更好。如果你的球隊在訓練中沒有很好的競爭，那麼賽前的任何激勵性演說都不會使他們更加努力。

Further, we stress that "having fun" is competing as hard as you can... that the most enjoyment and satisfaction occurs when you have given all you can against a worthy opponent. A little goofing around and joking from time to time is fine, but the enjoyment it is not on same level as the fun obtained from competing hard.

此外，我們強調“玩得開心”是儘可能努力地拼搏……最大的樂趣和滿足感就是你全力對抗一個可敬的對手。偶爾開個小小玩笑是好玩，但它的樂趣和努力拼搏獲得中的樂趣是完全不同的。

Measuring success

衡量成功

Unfortunately, we all get caught up in wins and losses. Coaches are remembered for achieving milestones such as so many career wins and championships. It is true of course that good coaching, teaching fundamentals, developing your program, passion, dedication, hard work, etc will translate into more wins.

不幸的是，我們都陷入了得失之中。教練們因爲取得如此多的職業勝利和冠軍而被銘記。當然，良好的指導、教學基礎、發展計劃、熱情、奉獻精神、努力工作等都會轉化爲更多的勝利。

But not all coaches are blessed with talent every year. Recently, I witnessed an excellent coaching job done by a freshmen coach who took a bunch of inexperienced kids with poor fundamentals and no confidence, to become a winning team by season's end.

但並不是所有的教練每年都會帶有天賦球員。最近，我目睹了一位優秀教練的工作，一個新生教練帶着一羣沒有經驗的球員，他們的基礎很差，沒有信心，在賽季結束時成爲一支成功的球隊。

Overall they had lost more games than they won, but by the end of the season, they were beating teams that had easily defeated them earlier in the season. The season ended with the boys having a sense of pride and feeling good about themselves and eager for the next season. So you see that great coaching is not always accurately reflected by the won-loss record.

總的來說，他們輸掉的比賽比他們贏的還多，但是到賽季末，他們擊敗了在本賽季初輕易擊敗他們的球隊。這個賽季結束了，孩子們感到自豪，感覺良好，渴望下一個賽季。所以你看到，偉大的教練並不總是準確地反映在輸贏記錄中。

Better measures of success would be the fun your team and individual players had, and how well they learned, developed, improved, and matured to become better players, students and citizens.

成功的更好方式是你的球隊和個人球員所擁有的樂趣，以及他們如何學習、發展、提高和成長，成爲更好的球員、學生和公民。

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