時尚雙語:考慮問題時不妨倒着走

According to a team of Dutch scientists, walking backward helps people think more clearly.
荷蘭科學家的研究小組表明，向後走路有助於人們更清醒的思考。

The study, published in the Psychological Science, tested the ability of 38 men and women to quickly name the colors in which different words were displayed.
這項研究發表在《心理科學》上。研究者給38名男性和女性受試呈現不同的單詞，並讓他們快速說出單詞的顏色。

During the tests, participants were told to step four paces to the left, right, backward or forward. In a subset of the trickier trials (ones where the words didn't relate in any way to the colors they were displayed in) performance was quickest when the subjects stepped four paces backward.
在測試過程中，受試者還被要求向前、或向後、或向左、或向右走4步。一部分測試中給受試者呈現的單詞與顏色是無關的，在這樣的測試中，向後走四步時的反應最快。

"Backward locomotion appears to be a very powerful trigger to mobilize cognitive resources," conclude the authors, of Radboud University Nijmegen. "Thus, whenever you encounter a difficult situation, stepping backward may boost your capability to deal with it effectively."
“向後運動似乎可以非常有效地觸發認知資源的分配，”來自Radboud University Nijmegen的作者總結道。“因此，當你遇到困難時，倒着走可以有效的提升你解決問題的能力。”

In case you were wondering why the researchers conducted such a seemingly nutty experiment to begin with: It's part of a larger field of study of the way body movements alter people's thinking/emotions.
也許你想知道研究者爲什麼會進行如此瘋狂的實驗：它其實是一個更大的研究人身體運動對思維和情緒影響的研究項目的一小部分。

Flexing or extending the arms, for example (the motions involved in either pulling or pushing) can make someone more apt to like or dislike something, respectively, researchers have reported.
比如，研究者已經發現，彎曲或伸展手臂（涉及推或拉的運動）會分別使人更傾向於喜歡或不喜歡的某一個東西。

Pushing and backing away are both avoidance actions--such actions are "usually performed in the context of aversive or problematic conditions that require enhanced control in order to focus on relevant information and to ward off negative consequences," the authors say.
推動和後退都是迴避行爲——這種行爲“通常是在厭惡或出現問題時完成，這時需要加強控制，以便把注意集中在相關信息上並可以抵禦消極後果，”作者說。