歐逸文的《野心時代》獲美國國家圖書獎

Phil Klay won the National Book Award for fiction on Wednesday night for his debut short story collection, “Redeployment,” which draws on his experience serving as a Marine in Iraq and captures the terror, boredom and occasionally the humorous side of war.

週三晚上，菲爾·克雷(Phil Klay)以其處女短篇小說集《重新部署》(Redeployment)獲得國家圖書獎虛構類作品獎，這本書根據他在海軍陸戰隊服役期間在伊拉克的經歷寫成，捕捉了戰爭的恐怖與無聊，以及偶爾出現的幽默一面。

In an emotional acceptance speech, Mr. Klay described returning from the war and being treated as if he were unstable, and being asked by children if he had killed anyone.

克雷做了充滿感情的獲獎致辭，描述了自己從戰爭中歸來後的遭遇，他曾被視爲精神不穩定者，孩子也詢問他是否殺過人。

“I came back not knowing what to think,” he said. “What do you do when you’re trying to explain in words, to the father of a fallen Marine, exactly what that Marine meant to you?”

“我回來後，不知該作何想法，”他說。“面對一個犧牲的海軍陸戰隊戰士的父親，你該怎樣用言語解釋海軍陸戰隊對你來說意味着什麼？”

He said writing fiction about his experiences helped him to process it. “I can’t think of a more important conversation to be having,” he said. “War is too strange to be processed alone.”

他說，把自己的經歷寫成小說幫助他處理好了這些事情。“我想不出更加重要的對話，”他說，“戰爭是那樣奇異，無法獨自處理。”

Some of the stories, which were published by Penguin Press, take place in Anbar Province, while others are set in the United States as soldiers struggle to readjust to civilian life.

該書由企鵝出版社出版，其中若干小說發生在伊拉克的安巴爾省，還有一些是講述美國的退伍士兵們努力重新適應平民生活。

In the nonfiction category, Evan Osnos, a staff writer for The New Yorker, won for “Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth and Faith in the New China,” published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The book explores China’s ongoing transformation into an economic superpower, and the clash between its economic progress and its authoritarian government’s crackdown on social freedoms.

《紐約客》(The New Yorker)的專職作者歐逸文(Evan Osnos)憑《野心時代：在新中國追求財富、真相和信念》(Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth and Faith in the New China)一書獲得非虛構類作品獎，該書由法勒、斯特勞斯與吉魯科斯（Farrar, Straus and Giroux）出版社出版。這本書探究了中國不斷向經濟超級大國轉變的過程，以及經濟發展與專制政府壓制社會自由之間的衝突。

In an acceptance speech, Mr. Osnos thanked his Chinese subjects for taking a risk by talking to him. “They live in a place where it’s very dangerous to be honest and be vulnerable,” he said.

在獲獎致辭中，歐逸文感謝他筆下的中國主人公們冒着風險接受採訪。“在他們所生活的地方，要做一個誠實或脆弱的人是非常危險的，”他說。

The awards were presented at a black-tie dinner at Cipriani Wall Street, with more than 700 guests attending a ceremony hosted by Daniel Handler, better known as the children’s book author Lemony Snicket.

頒獎禮在西普利尼亞華爾街飯店舉行，是一場正裝宴會，有700多名賓客參加，典禮由丹尼爾·漢德勒(Daniel Handler)主持——他創作童書時的筆名萊蒙尼·斯尼克特(Lemony Snicket)更加廣爲人知。

Mr. Handler proved an edgy and entertaining master of ceremonies. He poked fun at literary navel-gazing and took repeated shots at Amazon’s chief executive, Jeffrey P. Bezos. In praising the nonprofit publisher Graywolf Press, which had two poetry finalists, Mr. Handler said, “If you are a publishing house interested in not making a profit, please see Jeff Bezos after the show.”

最後證明漢德勒是個犀利有趣的主持人。他嘲笑文學界目光狹窄，並一再向亞馬遜的首席執行官傑弗裏·P·貝佐斯(Jeffrey P. Bezos)開火。獨立出版社“灰狼出版”(Graywolf Press)有兩本詩集入圍最終的決選名單，漢德勒讚美它說：“如果你們是一家對盈利不感興趣的出版社，請在頒獎禮結束後去見傑夫·貝佐斯吧。”

The National Book Award, which was established in 1950, is one of the country’s most prestigious and coveted literary prizes. Books written by American authors and published between Dec. 1, 2013, and Nov. 30, 2014, were eligible this year.

國家圖書獎於1950年創立，是美國最有聲譽、最受人渴望的文學獎項之一。由美國作家創作、並於2013年12月1日至2014年11月30日之間出版的書籍有資格入圍今年的評選。

Jacqueline Woodson, a three-time finalist, won the young people’s literature award for her memoir in verse, “Brown Girl Dreaming,” which detailed her experience growing up as an African-American in South Carolina and New York during the 1960s and ’70s. The poet Louise Glück won for her latest collection, “Faithful and Virtuous Night,” published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

曾經三次入圍決選名單的傑奎琳·伍德森(Jacqueline Woodson)憑自己的韻文體回憶錄《做夢的棕色女孩》(Brown Girl Dreaming)獲得青年文學獎獎項。這本書詳細描述了20世紀60至70年代，身爲非裔美國人的她在南卡羅來納與紐約成長的經歷。詩人路易斯·葛呂科(Louise Glück)憑她最新出版的詩集《忠誠與高尚的夜晚》(Faithful and Virtuous Night)獲得詩歌獎，該書由法勒、斯特勞斯與吉魯科斯出版社出版。

For the second year in a row, the National Book Foundation announced a long list of 10 nominees for fiction, nonfiction, poetry and young people’s literature, in an effort to drum up interest and draw more authors into the spotlight. Some literary critics complained that the long lists diluted the impact of the prize. Others noted a stark gender imbalance in this year’s nonfiction long list, which had nine male writers and just one woman, the New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast.

國家圖書基金會從去年開始，每年宣佈虛構、非虛構、詩歌與青年文學獎項各自的10部候選作品大名單，這是爲了引起公衆的興趣，令更多作家獲得關注。有些文學評論家抱怨這份大名單削弱了該獎的衝擊力。也有些人指出，今年的非虛構類大名單存在嚴重的性別不平衡，有九名男性作者入圍，但只有《紐約客》的卡通畫家羅茲·查斯特(Roz Chast)這一位女性作者入圍。

This year’s fiction short list was greeted with more enthusiasm. Along with Mr. Klay’s short story collection, the stylistically diverse group of finalists included Marilynne Robinson’s “Lila,” the third novel in a trilogy set in the fictional town of Gilead, Iowa; Rabih Alameddine’s “An Unnecessary Woman,” about a reclusive older woman in Beirut, Lebanon; Emily St. John Mandel’s dystopian novel “Station Eleven”; and Anthony Doerr’s novel “All the Light We Cannot See,” a work of historical fiction set in Nazi-occupied France during World War II.

今年的虛構類最終名單更加爲人們所接受。這一名單風格多樣，除了克雷的短篇小說集，還有瑪麗琳娜·羅賓遜(Marilynne Robinson)的《莉拉》(Lila)，這是她所創作的三部曲小說的第三部，故事發生在愛荷華州一個虛構的吉里德小鎮；此外還有艾米莉·聖約翰·曼德爾(Emily St. John Mandel)的反烏托邦小說《11站》(Station Eleven)；以及安東尼·杜爾(Anthony Doerr)的小說《我們看不到的所有光明》(All the Light We Cannot See)，這是一部歷史小說，發生在“二戰”時期納粹佔領下的法國。

The Literarian Award, for outstanding service to the literary community, went to Kyle Zimmer, the president and chief executive of First Book, a nonprofit group that distributes millions of books to children from low-income families.

文學貢獻獎(The Literarian Award)是頒發給對文學界做出突出貢獻人士的獎項，今年由第一圖書(First Book)公司的總裁兼首席執行官凱爾·齊默(Kyle Zimmer)獲得，這家非盈利機構向低收入家庭兒童分發了數百萬冊圖書。

The fantasy and science fiction writer Ursula K. Le Guin was awarded the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. In a career spanning more than 40 years, Ms. Le Guin, 85, has published more than a dozen children’s books, 22 novels and numerous volumes of poetry, translations and short stories. Her young-adult fantasy novel “The Farthest Shore” won the National Book Award in 1973.

奇幻與科幻作家厄蘇拉·K·勒·奎恩(Ursula K. Le Guin)獲得了美國文學卓越貢獻勳章(Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters)。勒·奎恩女士現年85歲，她在40多年的寫作生涯中出版了十幾本童書、22部小說和無數詩集、譯著和短篇小說。她的青年奇幻小說《最遙遠的海岸》(The Farthest Shore)曾於1973年獲得國家圖書獎。

In a pointed acceptance speech, Ms. Le Guin criticized the literary community for excluding science fiction and fantasy writers from awards attention for so long, and took publishers and writers to task for bowing to corporate pressures to make books more profitable.

勒·奎恩女士發表了尖銳的獲獎致辭，批評文學界長久以來把科幻與奇幻作家拒之門外，且令出版社和作家屈服於種種壓力，致力於創作更加有利可圖的書籍。

“I have had a long career and a good one, and here at the end of it, I really don’t want to watch American literature get sold down the river,” she said.

“在我漫長而美好的寫作生涯盡頭，真的不希望看着美國文學遭到出賣，”她說。