10位名人生前的最後照片
The words “Last picture taken” before his or her death conjure up many emotions, whether in front of the camera or behind it. This list consists of 10 last time stamps in history taken of and by some fascinating individuals. If anyone has new or conflicting information concerning the photos or information in this list I hope you will share it in your comments.10
當我們提到生前“拍攝的最後一張照片”，不論是照片本身，還是照片背後的故事，都能勾起我們的無限遐思。下面這份清單包含了某些傳奇人物生前的最後一張照片或是他們生前拍下的最後一張照片。如果有人對清單上的照片或信息有不同看法，希望你能在下面的評論中予以分享。
10. Wiley Post and Will Rogers(1898 –1935, 1879 – 1935)
威利·波斯特（Wiley Post, 1898-1935）和威爾·羅傑斯（Will Rogers, 1879-1935）
Wiley Post who was the first pilot to fly solo around the world and his good friend Will Rogers a famous comedian, humorist and social commentator were set out to fly around the world together. This photo (that's Will Rogers in the hat and tie, standing on the wing) was taken on August 15, 1935 shortly before taking off from a lagoon near Point Barrow Alaska. During take off Post's experimental Lockheed Explorer sea plane crashed when its engine failed killing both resting Fact: The airport in Barrow Alaska was renamed Wiley Post – Will Rogers Memorial Airport.
威利·波斯特是第一個獨自飛越全球的宇航員，而他的好朋友威爾·羅傑斯則是一位知名喜劇家、幽默作家和社會評論家。他們曾一起環球飛行。這張照片（戴着帽子、繫着領結的威爾·羅傑斯站在飛機機翼上）攝於1935年8月15日，隨後不久，他們便從阿拉斯加巴羅附近的環礁湖處起飛。但波斯特的實驗水上飛機“洛克希德探險者號”（Lockheed Explore）由於引擎故障而墜毀，兩人不幸遇難身亡。
9. John and Jackie Knill
約翰（John）和傑基·科尼爾（Jackie Knill）
On January 13, 2005 the bodies of Canadian couple John and Jackie Knill were discovered on a Thailand beach resort. They were two of the many victims killed from the December 26 2004 tsunami. Weeks later a Seattle man doing relief work found a damaged camera and discarded it but kept the memory card in the camera. After downloading the images he discovered pictures of the Knill's enjoying their vacation, as well as shots of a huge wave approaching the shore. With each picture it shows the wave getting closer and closer to shore. The last picture taken of them before the wave hit (shown above) was shot just after 8.30 am on December 26.
2005年1月13日，人們在泰國的一個海灘勝地發現了加拿大夫婦約翰和傑基·科尼爾的屍體。他們是2004年12月26日那場海嘯的遇難者。幾周之後，一名參與救援工作的西雅圖男子發現了一個損壞了的相機，他取下存儲卡後就丟棄了相機。存儲卡中不止有傑基夫婦度假拍攝的個人照，還有他們遇難前拍攝的海嘯襲岸之景。裏面的一組照片顯示了海浪逐漸侵襲海岸的全過程。他們遇難前的最後一張照片（上圖所示）攝於12月26日上午8時30分。
Interesting Fact: The Seattle man that discovered the images recognized the Knills from a missing person's web site and contacted the couple's two sons in Vancouver Canada. The man then drove from Seattle to Vancouver to give the sons their parent's last images.
【趣實】：這名西雅圖男子在一個尋人網站上發現了傑基夫婦的照片，並與他們在加拿大溫哥華的兩個兒子取得聯繫，隨後他乘車從西雅圖前往溫哥華，將這對夫婦生前拍下的最後照片交給了他們。
8. Albert Einstein (b.1879 d.1955)
阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦（Albert Einstein, 1879-1955）
The photograph above is the last known picture of Einstein, taken in March, 1955. There are not a lot of details concerning this photo but he is probably at his home near Princeton, New Jersey. A month later on April 17, 1955, Einstein experienced internal bleeding caused by the rupture of an aortic aneurysm, which had previously been diagnosed and reinforced. He went to the hospital and took a draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the State of Israel's seventh anniversary with him. Unfortunately he did not live long enough to complete it. The following day Einstein died at the age of 76.
上圖攝於1955年3月，據稱是愛因斯坦生前最後一張照片。我們對這張照片瞭解不多，只知道照片中的愛因斯坦當時可能在新澤西州的普林斯頓家鄉附近。照片拍攝後的一個月，即1955年4月17日，他的主動脈發生破裂，由此導致大量的內出血。早在這之前，愛因斯坦就曾被診斷出患有動脈瘤，但這次的腹腔動脈積血膨出給了他致命一擊。他被送往醫院時還帶着演講手稿，打算在慶祝以色列七週年紀念會的電視節目上發表這份演講。不幸的是，他並沒有等到這一天的到來。他在進醫院的第二天就離世了，享年76歲。
Interesting Fact: Einstein's brain was removed within seconds of his death (without the permission of his family) in hope that future neuroscience would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent. Recent scientific studies have suggested that regions involved in speech and language are smaller, while regions involved with numerical and spatial processing are larger.
【趣實】：愛因斯坦死後沒過幾秒，他的大腦就被移除（未徵得其家人同意），人們希望通過對他神經系統的科學研究找到他如此聰明的原因。最近有科學研究證實，愛因斯坦的大腦中，關於數學思維和空間處理的大腦區域異常發達，而支配着演講與言語的大腦區域則相對較小。
7. Marilyn Monroe(b.1926 d 1962)
瑪麗蓮·夢露（Marilyn Monroe, 1926-1962）
Many believe Celebrity photographer George Barris took the last pictures of Marilyn Monroe. However, it was actually Life Magazine's photographer Allan Grant. The pictures were taken July 7, 1962 during an interview at her home. Six pictures appeared in Life including the one pictured above.
許多人都認爲瑪麗蓮·夢露最後的這張照片是由知名攝影師喬治·巴瑞斯所拍攝，但實際上，它是由《生活》雜誌攝影師艾倫·格蘭特拍下的。他於1962年7月7日採訪夢露，並在她的家中拍下了這張照片。隨後《生活》雜誌還刊登出與上面這張照片同時拍攝的另5張照片。
Just under a month later on August 5, 1962, the LAPD received a call at 4:25AM from Dr. Hyman Engelberg proclaiming that Monroe was dead at her home in Brentwood, Los Angeles. The official cause of Monroe's death was classified as “acute barbiturate poisoning”, and was also recorded as a “probable suicide. Many questions still remain unanswered about the circumstances of her death and the timeline from when Monroe's body was found.
差不多一個月以後，即1962年8月5日凌晨4時25分，洛杉磯警察局接到海曼·恩格爾醫生的電話，他宣稱瑪麗蓮·夢露死於加州洛杉磯布倫塢（Brentwood）的家中。官方判定夢露的死因是“急性巴比妥類藥物中毒”（acute barbiturate poisoning），並且認爲其“疑似自殺”。迄今爲止，瑪麗蓮·夢露之死仍存在着諸多疑團，並且人們也不能確定她的屍體被發現的具體時間。
Interesting Fact: The Life Magazine issue featuring Monroe's interview was dated August 3 1962, just 2 day before her death.
【趣實】：《生活》雜誌在瑪麗蓮·夢露死前2天，即1962年8月3日刊登了對她的專訪文章。
6. Bill Biggart(1947-2001)
比爾·比加特(Bill Biggart, 1947-2001)
Bill Biggart was covering the events of September 11th and was Tragically killed as the second tower of the World Trade Center came down. Four days later Biggart's body was recovered from the rubble and his personal effects, including his cameras were given to his wife. Biggart's widow later handed over the camera bag to a good friend and fellow photographer. She was convinced that no pictures had survived because the falling debris had blown off the backs of the two film cameras and the lids of the film canisters had been peeled back. His friend turned his attention to the digital camera that was covered by ash. The lens had been sheared off but when he opened the chamber that held the flash card he discovered it was in pristine condition. The card contained 150 pictures including the last picture taken shown above which is time stamped 10:28 am and 24 seconds. The time was 10:30am when the second tower came down.
新聞攝影記者比爾·比加特在報道“91 1”事件時，世貿中心的第二座雙子塔倒塌，他不幸被掩埋於廢墟之下。四天後，人們在碎石堆中發現了他的屍體，並將包括相機在內的隨身物品交給了他的妻子。隨後，比加特的遺孀又將相機袋送給了比加特生前的攝影師好友。當時她確信相機裏的所有照片都不復存在，因爲落下的碎石砸壞了膠片相機的鏡頭和膠捲盒。但這位朋友卻將注意力轉向了另一部曾被灰燼掩埋着的數碼相機。雖然相機鏡頭已經脫落，但他發現其中的快閃存儲卡仍然保存完好。存儲卡中保存有150張照片，其中最後一張照片（上圖所示）拍攝於上午10時28分24秒。約兩分鐘之後，即10時30分，第二座雙子塔倒塌。
Interesting Fact: When Biggart's wife reached him on his cell phone shortly after the first tower fell. He told her not to worry, and would meet her in 20 minutes at his studio. “I'm safe,” he assured her, “I'm with the firemen.” It was the last time they ever spoke. About 20 minutes later, the second tower collapsed
【趣實】：第一座雙子塔倒塌不久，比加特的妻子就曾打電話詢問丈夫情況，比加特讓妻子不要擔心，20分鐘內他就會出現在攝影棚與她見面。他向妻子保證道：“我和消防員在一起，目前很安全”，可沒想到這會是他們的最後一次通話。大約20分鐘之後，第二座雙子塔倒塌，比加特遇難。
5. Lady Diana(1961 d.1997)
戴安娜王妃（1961-1997）
Last year when the long-awaited inquest into Lady Diana's death began, this picture was released that shows the last picture taken before the crash. The press competed to be the first to print it even though the last photo ended up just showing part of her hair. Unfortunately and ironically photos like this one ended up contributing to the crash that ended her photo shows the four speeding away from the Ritz Paris At around 12:20 a.m. on August 31, 1997 with Henri Paul the hotel driver, right, and Dodi Fayed's bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones in the passenger seat. In the rear seat is Princess Diana (looking back at the pursuing paparazzi) with Dodi Fayed sitting next to her. Seconds after this picture was taken the Mercedes entered the Place de l'Alma underpass going at an estimated speed of 105 km/h (65 mph.) The driver lost control of the car and swerved to the left before colliding head-on with one of the pillars in the tunnel. Dodi Fayed and Henri Paul both died instantly. Trevor Rees-Jones was still conscious and had suffered multiple serious injuries to the face. Diana was critically injured but died later that morning in the hospital leaving Rees-Jones the only survivor.
戴安娜王妃車禍案件被擱置已久，直到2007年英國纔開始審理此案，並首次將戴安娜生前的最後一張照片（上圖所示）公之於世。儘管這張照片只拍到了王妃的金髮，但新聞媒體還是爭相第一時間刊登出這張照片。然而諷刺的是，戴安娜王妃正是爲了躲避狗仔隊追逐纔不幸在車禍中喪生。照片攝於1997年8月31日，當時戴安娜和男友多迪·法耶茲（Dodi Fayed）正乘車離開巴黎裏茨酒店（Ritz Paris ），坐在汽車前座的是多迪·法耶茲的保鏢特雷弗·里斯-瓊斯（Trevor Rees-Jonesin），爲躲避狗仔追逐，酒店司機亨利·保羅不得不一再加速。坐在後座的王妃戴安娜轉身向後看着緊跟不放的攝影記者，一頭標誌性金髮清晰可見。她身旁坐着男友多迪。照片攝下後不到幾秒，這輛奔馳就駛入了阿爾瑪橋隧道，時速約達105公里/小時（65英里/小時）。奔馳最後脫離司機控制，向左偏轉，迎頭撞上了隧道中的一根柱子。多迪·法耶茲與亨利·保羅當場死亡，特雷弗·里斯-瓊斯臉上雖有多處嚴重傷痕，但尚還有意識。而傷勢嚴重的戴安娜王妃在被送往醫院的第二天早上去世，因此這次車禍只留下里斯-瓊斯一個倖存者。
Interesting Fact: As the casualties lay seriously injured or dead in their wrecked car, the photographers continued to take pictures. Critically injured Diana was reported to murmur the words, “oh my God,” and after the photographers were pushed away by emergency teams, the words, “leave me alone”.
【趣實】：車禍發生後，攝影記者罔顧汽車殘骸下的傷亡人員，而對着他們大肆拍照。 據報道，緊急救援隊推開這些攝影記者時，傷勢嚴重的戴安娜王妃曾喃語道，“哦，天哪，不要管我”。
4. Elvis Presley(1935 –1977)
埃維斯·普雷斯利（Elvis Presley，1935 –1977）
Elvis Last Picture Taken At 12..28 Aug 16 1977This last known photo of Elvis was taken on August 16 1977 at 12.28am. The picture was snapped as he is pulling into Graceland after a night out. That afternoon Presley was found on his bathroom floor by fiancée, Ginger Alden. According to the medical investigator, Presley had “stumbled or crawled several feet before he died”; he had apparently been using the bathroom at the time. Death was officially pronounced at 3:30 pm at Baptist Memorial Hospital.
上圖據稱是埃維斯的最後一張照片，拍攝於1977年8月16日上午12點28分，當時他在外出整晚後正駕車回到雅園（Graceland）。 當天下午，普雷斯利的未婚妻金格兒·阿爾登（Ginger Alden）在浴室地板上發現了他的屍體。根據醫學研究者的說法，普雷斯利“在死前曾被絆倒或掙扎着爬行了幾英尺”。顯然，他當時剛洗完澡。下午3點30分，浸信會紀念醫院（Baptist Memorial Hospital）正式宣佈了他的死訊。
Interesting Fact: Elvis had visited his dentist on August 15th to have a temporary crown put in and has been suggested that the codeine the dentist gave him that day resulted in an anaphylactic shock that assisted in his death because he had suffered allergic reactions to the drug previously.
【趣實】：8月15日，埃維斯曾到牙醫處安置臨時牙冠，有人認爲，正是當天牙醫開出的可待因藥物使他發生過敏性休克，從而促成了他的死亡，因爲他之前就對這種藥物有過敏性反應。
3. Adolf Hitler(1889 –1945)
阿道夫·希特勒（Adolf Hitler，1889 –1945）
This last know picture of Hitler was taken approximately two days prior to his death as he stands outside his Berlin bunker entrance surveying the devastating bomb damage. With Germany lying in ruins after six years of war, and with defeat imminent, Hitler decided to take his own life. But before doing so, he married Eva Braun and then penned his last will and testament. The next day in the afternoon on April 30, 1945 Braun and Hitler' entered his living room to end their lives. Later that afternoon the remaining members of the bunker community found Hitler slumped over, and blood spilled over the arm of the couch. Eva was sitting at the other end. Hitler had killed himself by biting down on a cyanide capsule while shooting him self in the head. Eva only used the cyanide capsule.
這張照片大概是在希特勒死前兩天拍攝的，當時他正站在柏林碉堡前估量盟軍轟炸所造成的巨大損失。在六年戰爭的影響下，德國已是千瘡百孔，此時的希特勒已經預料到了自己的失敗，決定自行了結生命。但在此之前，他娶了愛娃·勃勞恩（Eva Braun），並寫下生前遺囑。第二天下午，即1945年4月30日，勃勞恩與希特勒在起居室雙雙自殺。沒過多久，碉堡內的其他成員就發現希特勒癱倒在沙發上，鮮血滲進沙發一側的扶手上。沙發的另一側則是愛娃的屍體。希特勒吞服了氰化物膠囊之後舉槍自殺，而愛娃只服用了一顆氰化物膠囊。
Interesting Fact: When Hitler asked his physician to recommend a reliable method of suicide his doctor suggested combining a dose of cyanide with a gunshot to the head.
【趣實】：希特勒曾向他的醫師詢問最爲可靠有效的自殺方式，醫師於是建議他服用大量氰化物膠囊，然後再向腦袋開上一槍。
2. Anne Frank(b.1929 –d.1945)
安妮·弗蘭克（Anne Frank，1929-1945 ）
This is believed to be the last known photo of Anne Frank with her sister Margot taken in early to mid 1942. Later that year In July her sister Margot would be among the first to receive notice that she was to be sent to Nazi Germany ordering her to report for relocation to a work camp. Anne was then told by her father that the family would go into hiding. The Frank family was discovered and arrested on the morning of August 4th 1944. Having been arrested in hiding, they were considered criminals and were sent to the Punishment Barracks for hard labor. In March 1945, a typhus epidemic spread through the camp and killed approximately 17,000 prisoners. Witnesses later testified that Margot fell from her bunk in her weakened state and was killed by the shock, and that a few days later Anne Frank died.
上圖拍攝於1942年上半年，據稱這是安妮·弗蘭克與姐姐瑪格特（Margot ）生前的最後一張照片。同年7月，安妮的姐姐瑪格特·弗蘭克收到了一份由猶太移民局中央辦公室發出的徵召通告，命令她到納粹德國的勞動營報到。隨後，安妮被父親告知，他們要舉家躲藏起來。1944年8月4日的清晨，弗蘭克一家被納粹德國發現並遭逮捕。因爲他們之前的躲藏行爲而被納粹德國視爲罪犯，並被送往集中營做苦工。1945年3月，斑疹傷寒在營中散播，17000囚犯因此喪生。後來有目擊者聲稱，瑪格特當時身體極度虛弱，從牀上掉下後休克而死，沒過幾天，安妮也離世了。
Interesting Fact: In April 1945 just weeks after Anne Frank's death, the camp was liberated by British troops.
【趣實】：1945年4月，距安妮·弗蘭克離世僅有幾周時間，英國軍隊解放了這個集中營。
1. Abraham Lincoln(b.1809 –1865)
亞伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln，1809-1865）
There is some controversy as to which photograph is the last picture of Abraham Lincoln taken before he was assassinated. I ran across three different photos on the Internet that claim last picture. However from information recently discovered the general consensus is the photo pictured above is the one. It was taken by Henry J. Warren during a photo session around the time of his inauguration. Mr. Warren took some candid photographs of crowd scenes on March 4th and two day later on March 6th Warren took this picture out on the White House Balcony.A little over a month after this picture was taken on April 14, 1865 Lincoln attended a play at Ford's Theater. John Wilkes Booth a well-known actor and a Confederate spy from Maryland crept up behind the President's box and waited for the funniest line of the play, hoping the laughter would cover the noise of the gunshot. When the laughter came Booth jumped into the box with the President and aimed a single-shot, round-slug .44 caliber Derringer at his head, firing at point-blank range.
關於亞伯拉罕·林肯被刺前的最後照片究竟是哪一張的問題，目前尚有諸多爭議。我在網上曾見到三張聲稱是林肯總統“最後照片”的圖片。但根據最新消息，人們普遍認爲上面的這張圖片纔是貨真價實的“最後照片”。亨利·沃倫(Henry J. Warren)在一次開幕式上拍下了這張圖片。1865年3月4日，沃倫只抓拍到一些在場人羣，兩天後，即3月6日這一天，他在白宮陽臺外面拍到了這張照片。拍下這張照片一個多月之後，即1865年4月14日，林肯總統前往福特劇院（Ford's Theater）觀看演出。知名演員約翰·威爾克斯·布斯（John Wilkes Booth ）和一個來自馬里蘭（Maryland）的南部聯盟間諜潛入總統身後的包廂中，等待演出高潮的到來，如此一來，他們的槍聲就會被歡呼聲所掩蓋。當時機到來的時候，布斯迅速推開包廂的門，拔出口徑爲44毫米的單發短筒手槍，在距離不到兩英尺的地方，朝林肯總統連開數槍。
Interesting Fact: As mentioned above many Internet sites claim a different last picture taken of Lincoln claiming a date of April 10, 1865. (Just 4 days before the assassination) New evidence indicates what they thought was the last photo was used to paint a portrait. That particular portrait was painted February 5th 1865. This being the case, the Warren photo suddenly became the last picture taken of Lincoln alive.
【趣實】：我在上面就曾提到過，有很多網站認爲1865年4月10日（僅在遇刺前四天）拍攝的另一張圖片纔是林肯總統的“最後照片”。但有新的證據表明，他們所認爲的“最後照片”不過是將一張肖像畫着色後再拍攝的。而那張特別的肖像畫繪製於1865年2月5日。如此一來，沃倫拍攝的這張照片就毋容置疑地成爲了總統生前的最後一張照片。
注：本文轉載自前十網，譯者：李念
