英語科技長篇文章品析
走進科技館,電子產品、人造衛星、核潛艇、航天飛機,令人目不暇給,應接不暇。下面小編整理了英語科技長篇文章，希望大家喜歡!
喬布斯製造的Apple I拍賣 81.5萬美元成交
A prototype Apple 1, a holy-grail item in electronics memorabilia, has been sold for $815,000.
近日，一臺Apple I電腦的原型——可稱得上是電子產品大事記中的聖盃級產品，拍出了81.5萬美元。
Apple co-founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak built just 200 of the computers in 1976.
1976年，蘋果聯合創始人史蒂夫.喬布斯和史蒂夫·沃茲尼亞克組裝了200臺蘋果電腦。
The model auctioned this week contains tell-tale signs that it is a prototype, probably made prior to its manufacturing run.
本週拍賣的這一臺，有跡象顯示是一臺原型機，很可能是在大量生產前的試行版本。
One computer historian says it is "one of the first, if not the first ever" Apple computer.
一位電腦史學家表示，如果這不是第一臺原型機的話，那它也一定是蘋果第一批原型機之一。
This "celebration edition" Apple 1 was expected to make $1m, but auctioneer Charitybuzz told the BBC that the final bid was $815,000.
這臺“慶典版”的蘋果一代電腦預期拍賣價是100萬美元，不過拍賣商Charitybuzz告訴BBC，最終成交價是81.5萬美元。
That means it is not the highest-grossing Apple 1 computer - that distinction belongs to a rare working version that sold for $905,000 at a Bonhams auction in New York in October 2014.
這意味着它並未刷新蘋果一代電腦的拍賣紀錄——2014年10月份，在紐約Bonhams拍賣會上，一臺罕見的“操作版”蘋果一代電腦被拍賣出了90.5萬美元。
A spokeswoman for Charitybuzz said that "about 80 bidders" had been watching the item. She denied reports that there had been a last-minute $1.2m bid, apparently made too late to be accepted.
Charitybuzz拍賣行的一位發言人表示，“大約有80人”參與競拍。她否認有報道稱在最後時刻有人出價120萬美元，顯然太晚而未能成交。
Ten percent of the proceeds will go to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, based in New York, Charitybuzz said.
據Charitybuzz表示，此次拍賣所得資金的10%會捐獻給紐約的“白血病和淋巴瘤協會”。
No more than 70 Apple 1 computers are believed to still be in existence. The machine - initially named "Apple Computer 1" - first went on sale in July 1976, and was discontinued in October of the following year when the company turned its attention to building the Apple 2.
世上現存的蘋果一代據稱最多不過70臺。這臺機器--起初的名字爲“蘋果電腦1”--最早於1976年上市出售。不過在次年10月，蘋果公司轉移注意力去開發蘋果電腦2時就停產了。
經典英語科技長篇文章模擬了一年火星生活 6位科學家終於"重返地球"
Six scientists have completed a yearlong Mars simulation in Hawaii, where they lived in a domein near isolation.
近日，六名科學家在夏威夷一個近乎完全隔絕的圓頂屋中完成了爲期一年的火星模擬生活。
For the past year, the group in the dome on a Mauna Loa mountain could go outside only whilewearing spacesuits. On Sunday, the simulation ended, and the scientists emerged.
去年一整年他們都住在位於莫納羅亞火山的圓頂屋裏，要想外出只能穿着太空服。模擬於週日結束，科學家們終於“重見天日”。
Cyprien Verseux, a crew member from France, said the simulation shows a mission to Marscan succeed.
其中一名來自法國、名叫西普里安·費爾蘇克斯的成員表示，這次模擬表明，去火星執行任務是可行的。
"I can give you my personal impression which is that a mission to Mars in the close future isrealistic. I think the technological and psychological obstacles can be overcome," Verseuxsaid.
費爾蘇克斯說道：“就我個人來說，我認爲在不遠的將來，人類登上火星可以變爲現實。我認爲技術上和心理上的困難都是可以克服的。”
Christiane Heinicke, a crew member from Germany, said the scientists succeeded in finding theirown water in a dry climate.
來自德國的成員克里斯蒂娜·海因尼克表示，科學家們成功地在乾燥的氣候中找到了水源。
"Showing that it works, you can actually get water from the ground that is seemingly dry. Itwould work on Mars and the implication is that you would be able to get water on Mars fromthis little greenhouse construct," she said.
她說道：“這是可行的，你真的可以在看起來很乾燥的土地中找到水。這在火星上也可行，你可以在這個小型溫室建築裏獲得水。”
Tristan Bassingthwaighte, a doctor of architecture candidate at University of Hawaii, served asthe crew's architect.
夏威夷大學建築專業在讀博士生特里斯坦·巴星懷特是整個團隊的建築師。
"The UH research going on up here is just super vital when it comes to picking crews, figuringout how people are going to actually work on different kinds of missions, and sort of the humanfactors element of space travel, colonization, whatever it is you are actually looking at,"Bassingthwaighte said.
巴星懷特說道：“在挑選成員的時候，夏威夷大學的研究就顯得尤爲重要，要挑出能夠真正勝任不同任務的人，挑出適合太空旅行和定居的人，不管具有什麼特質，都是我們真正在尋找的人。”
Kim Binsted, principal investigator for the Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation (HI-SEAS), said the researchers are looking forward to getting in the ocean and eating freshproduce and other foods that weren't available in the dome.
夏威夷太空探索模擬與仿真任務的首席研究員金姆·賓斯特德表示，研?a href="">咳嗽泵瞧詿拍芄慌艿醬蠛＠錚蠱詿砸恍┬孿實氖澄錚廡┒際竊讜捕ノ堇鎰霾壞降摹?/p>
"HI-SEAS is an example of international collaborative research hosted and run by theUniversity of Hawaii. So it's really exciting to be able to welcome the crew back to earth andback to Hawaii after a year on Mars," Binsted said.
賓斯特德說道：“HI-SEAS是一次由夏威夷大學主導和運作的國際合作。在'火星'上待一年之後，小隊成員們終於能夠回到'地球'的夏威夷，想想真令人興奮!”
關於英語科技長篇文章歐盟裁定蘋果補繳130億歐稅款
Apple has warned that future investment by multinationals in Europe could be hit after it wasordered to pay a record-breaking Euro13bn (￡11bn) in back taxes to Ireland.
歐盟要求蘋果公司向愛爾蘭政府補繳破紀錄的130億歐元(110億英鎊)稅款。蘋果警告稱跨國公司未來在歐洲的投資或遭受打擊。
The world’s largest company was presented with the huge bill after the European commissionruled that a sweetheart tax deal between Apple and the Irish tax authorities amounted toillegal state aid.
歐盟委員會裁定蘋果公司與愛爾蘭稅務當局達成的稅收優惠協定屬非法國家援助後，這家全球最大的公司面臨天價稅單。
The commission said the deal allowed Apple to pay a maximum tax rate of just 1%.
歐盟委員會稱，該優惠協定使蘋果公司的最高稅率僅有1%。
In 2014, the tech firm paid tax at just 0.005%.
2014年，這家科技公司的稅率僅爲0.005%。
The usual rate of corporation tax in Ireland is 12.5%.
而愛爾蘭企業所得稅的通常稅率是12.5%。
Member states cannot give tax benefits to selected companies – this is illegal under EU stateaid rules, said the European competition commissioner, Margrethe Vestager, whoseinvestigation of Apple’s complex tax dealings has taken three years.
歐盟競爭事務專員瑪格麗特•韋斯塔格表示：成員國不得向個別公司提供稅收優惠——優惠協定違反了歐盟的國家援助規定。維斯塔格對蘋果公司複雜稅收交易的調查已進行了三年。
Vestager’s ruling prompted an angry response from Apple and from Ireland and is likely tospark a political row between the US and the EU.
維斯塔格的裁定激起蘋果和愛爾蘭的強烈不滿，並可能引發美國與歐盟之間的政治爭論。
The US Treasury said the ruling threatened to damage the important spirit of economicpartnership between the US and the EU.
美國財政部稱此裁定會危害美國和歐盟之間重要的經濟合作精神。
In a letter to customers, Apple’s chief executive, Tim Cook, claimed the ruling could deal a blowto big companies investing in Europe: Beyond the obvious targeting of Apple, the mostprofound and harmful effect of this ruling will be on investment and job creation in Europe.
蘋果首席執行官蒂姆•庫克在致客戶的信中稱，該裁定會對投資歐洲的大型企業造成打擊：這一裁定除明顯針對蘋果外，還將對歐洲的投資和就業產生深遠的負面影響。
Using the commission’s theory, every company in Ireland and across Europe is suddenly at riskof being subjected to taxes under laws that never existed.
按歐盟委員會的理論，愛爾蘭和歐洲的任何一家公司突然都要根據從未存在的法律來繳納稅款了。
The commission said Ireland’s tax arrangements with Apple between 1991 and 2015 hadallowed the US company to attribute sales to a head office that only existed on paper andcould not have generated such profits.
歐盟委員會表示，愛爾蘭與蘋果1991至2015年間的稅收協議容許了蘋果將銷售額歸入一家總部名下，而這一總部實際並不存在，也不能產生鉅額利潤。
The result was that Apple avoided tax on almost all the profit generated from its multi-billioneuro sales of iPhones and other products across the EU’s single market.
由此，蘋果在歐盟單一市場銷售億萬歐元的iPhone和其他產品，所得利潤幾乎都得以避稅。
It booked the profits in Ireland rather than the country in which the product was sold.
公司將盈利計入愛爾蘭的業務部門，而非產品的實際銷售國。
Apple and Ireland said they intend to appeal against the ruling.
蘋果公司和愛爾蘭表示，他們將就這一裁決提出上訴。
The figure of Euro13bn plus interest is 40 times the previous record for such a case and theequivalent of the annual budget for Ireland’s health service.
130億歐元再加上利息，補稅額已達此前同類裁決中最高金額的40倍，與愛爾蘭公共醫療衛生服務的年度預算相當。
Irish campaigners called for the windfall to be invested in public housing.
愛爾蘭的活動家們號召將這筆意外之財用於公共住房項目。
The taxable profits of Apple Sales International and Apple Operations Europe did notcorrespond to economic reality, the commission said.
歐盟委員會稱，蘋果國際銷售公司和蘋果歐洲運營公司的應納稅利潤與其實際盈利不符。
Vestager said: The commission’s investigation concluded that Ireland granted illegal taxbenefits to Apple, which enabled it to pay substantially less tax than other businesses overmany years.
維斯塔格說：委員會的調查發現，愛爾蘭給予蘋果公司的非法稅收優惠，使蘋果多年來比其他公司少繳納了許多稅金。
Vestager suggested other countries, including the US, might now examine how Apple didbusiness within their borders. These other jurisdictions might then claim a share of the unpaidtax from Apple for the same period.
維斯塔格表示，現在，包括美國在內的其他國家或可審查蘋果在其境內的業務，或許也能追收蘋果該時期內少繳的稅款。
This would reduce the bill owed to Ireland.
那麼蘋果補繳給愛爾蘭的金額則會減少。
Tim Cook, Apple’s chief executive, said the commission was rewriting Apple’s record inIreland, overriding Irish law and disrupting the international tax system.
蘋果掌門人庫克稱，歐盟委員會正在改寫蘋果在愛爾蘭的歷史，它凌駕於愛爾蘭法律之上並擾亂了國際稅收制度。
He said Apple chose the Irish city of Cork as its European base 30 years ago and had expandedfrom 60 workers to almost 6,000 in Ireland.
他說，蘋果公司30年前選擇了愛爾蘭的科克作爲其歐洲總部，在愛爾蘭的員工數量也從60人發展至近6000人。
He said Apple would appeal and that he was confident of winning.
他表示蘋果將會上訴且有信心獲勝。
Cook said: We never asked for, nor did we receive, any special deals.
庫克說：我們從未要求，也從未接受過任何特殊協議。
We now find ourselves in the unusual position of being ordered to retroactively pay additionaltaxes to a government that says we don’t owe them any more than we’ve already paid.
現在卻發現自己陷入異乎尋常的處境，被要求向政府補繳額外稅款。而政府說，我們稅金已繳，什麼也不欠他們。
The commission’s decision is a rebuff to US efforts to persuade it to drop the case afterwarnings of retaliation from Washington.
美國此前已發出報復警告，試圖讓歐盟不去追究蘋果納稅一案，而歐盟委員會的這一裁定是對美國訴求的有力回絕。
Apple, which changed its tax arrangements with Ireland in 2015, should easily be able to paythe huge tax bill because it has a cash mountain of more than $230bn (￡176bn) of cash andsecurities, mostly held outside the US.
蘋果於2015年修改了與愛爾蘭的稅收協定。鑑於其坐擁超過2300億美元(1760億英鎊)的現金和證券，蘋果支付天價稅款輕而易舉。
The tech group keeps the money outside the US because it would be forced to pay US taxcharges if it repatriated the money.
這家科技公司將資金儲放在美國之外。因爲資金一旦流回國內，就不得不承擔美國的賦稅。
The Euro13bn figure covers only the 10 years before the commission first requestedinformation in 2013.
歐盟委員會2013年開始對蘋果進行調查，這130億歐元只涵蓋了此前10年的未繳稅款。
The commission, which does not have the authority to go back any further, said it was up toIreland to collect the tax from Apple.
無權再向前追溯的委員會表示，向蘋果收稅一事取決於愛爾蘭政府。
The Irish government, however, wants the ruling reversed because it wants to preserve itsstatus as a low-tax base for overseas companies.
然而愛爾蘭政府也希望推翻裁決，保住自己低稅港灣的地位以吸引海外公司。
