4個學習壞習慣，看看自己中招了嗎？

聽到“壞習慣”這個短語，大多數人都會想象出這樣一幅畫面：嘴裏叼着煙、釘到要害的釘子、飯桌上彎着手肘、騎摩托不戴頭盔等等。大多數人被問起時，都不會將學習與任何壞事聯繫起來，但是很多人會因爲壞的學習習慣而影響自己的學習經歷。它們不僅可以使你與高分擦肩而過，而且還會反過來影響一個人對學習的看法，從而使得考試將你帶入窘境。今天我們就一起來改掉這四個學習的壞習慣，使你學到更多，從而在考試中取得理想的分數。

1.  Studying the Same Way for Each Type of Test

用同一種方法應對所有類型的考試

Why It's an Issue: Your 9th grade Social Studies final exam is very different from the SAT. A vocabulary quiz is a world away from a midterm. When you choose to study the same way for every type of assessment, you're failing to tune in to some of your test's fine details which can cost you points. For instance, there are strategies you can master to score high on the ACT. If you just give yourself a few nights before this big test to prepare just like you'd study for a chapter test, let's say, then you'll lose out on test points.

病因：你的九年級社會學科期末考試可不同於學業能力傾向測驗。詞彙測驗跟期中考試也不是一回事。當你選擇用一成不變的方法來應對所有類型的考試，你就會忽略掉一些使你丟分的細節。例如，要想在學業能力傾向測驗中取得高分，你就得掌握一些策略。如果你只是在考試前幾晚才做準備，就像應付單元測試一樣，那麼你肯定不會成功。

Fix It: Before any assessment you take, find out how you'll be assessed. Is it an essay exam? Multiple-choice? Matching? If you're taking a major standardized test like the Redesigned PSAT or SAT, get a prep book and determine what you'll see on it. Make smart decisions so you can study smart.

補救措施：在任何考試開始之前，先弄清楚考試的方式。它是作文考試、多項選擇還是配對題測驗？如果你參加的是類似於PSAT（學業能力傾向初步測驗）或者SAT（學業能力傾向測驗）這樣的標準化考試，就要準備好課本，掌握它的內容。有明智的選擇，就能巧妙地學習。

2. Saying Negative Things To Yourself

對自己灌輸消極思想

Why It's an Issue: Did you know that you believe a lot of what you tell yourself? Just ask someone with anorexia. You will believe something that you repeat to yourself often; if you say things like, "I hate studying," or "I'm never going to learn this," or "This is too difficult," then eventually, you will believe it and your negativity will impact your test score.

病因：你知道嗎，你會非常相信自己給自己灌輸的想法。如果你問問一些厭食症患者，你就會相信的。你如果你說一些類似於“我討厭學習”“我絕對不學這個”或“這真是太難了”的話，到了最後，你就會相信了，而且你的消極也會影響你的考試成績。

Fix It: Be your own study champion. Replace anything negative in your internal dialogue with positive thoughts. "I hate studying," becomes "Studying will get me the grade I want." "I'm never going to learn this," becomes "I'm going to put in as much time as it takes to learn this." Eventually, believe it or not, you will start to trust these positive messages just like you've believed the negative ones for years.

補救措施：做你自己的學習擁護者。將你腦中所有的消極思想換成積極的思想。將“我討厭學習”變成“學習能讓我變成理想的自己”。將“我絕對不學這個”變成“我要花上足夠的時間來學習這個”。最後，信不信由你，你就會開始相信這些積極的訊息，就如同你曾一直以來相信那些消極思想一樣。

3.  Studying with Distractions

在干擾物的影響下學習

Why It's an Issue: If you're constantly on Instagram or Facebook when you're supposed to be studying, then chances are good you're not going to get the score you want on your test. Your primary goal during study time is to quickly and efficiently learn the material. That's it. External distractions like your phone and the TV can ruin your study sessions just as internal distractions like worry and anger can do the same thing.

病因：如果你總是在學習的時間刷Instagram或Facebook，那麼你就有可能達不到理想的分數。你在學習時的主要目標就是迅速並有效地學習材料，就是這個。一些外來的干擾物，例如你的手機、電視都會影響你的學習，就像一些內在的干擾物，例如憂慮或憤怒也會達到一樣的效果。

Fix It: Figure out how you study best and do not waiver from that routine. If you nailed your last test because you found a great study spot and listened to the best music for studying instead of hearing your roommates chattering in the other room, then repeat that every time you dive in. 

補救措施：找到你的最佳學習方式，不要偏離計劃。如果你因爲找到一個好的學習場地，聽了最適合學習的歌而將注意力集中在考試上，而不是聽你的室友在隔壁聊天，那麼你只需堅持下去就好了。

4.  Waiting Until the Last Minute

最後一刻才行動

Why It's an Issue: You simply cannot learn everything you need to for a final exam the night before your test. Cramming does not work for long-term memory. Prepping for a standardized test can take weeks or even months to do it well.

病因：你肯定不可能在期末考試前夜就把所有的內容都學完。填鴨式學習法對於長期記憶是沒有效的。要想準備好一場標準的測試，需要幾周甚至幾個月的時間。

Fix It: Take a long look at your schedule a few weeks before your exam. Schedule in study sessions with a homework app or even a regular pencil and paper calendar. Regardless, if you plan ahead, you'll find the time to put in 15-20 minute study sessions a day so you're actually ready on exam day.

補救措施：在考試前幾周就好好看看時間表。用家庭作業應用或日歷來安排學習任務。如果你提前計劃好，你每天就可以在15-20分鐘的單元上花上時間，那麼你就真的爲考試做好了準備。

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