全球三分之一的兒童營養不良或過胖大綱

One-third of world's young children undernourished or overweight

全球三分之一的兒童營養不良或過胖

One-third of the world's nearly 700 million children under five years old are undernourished or overweight and face lifelong health problems as a consequence, according to a United Nations' assessment of childhood nutrition released on Tuesday.

聯合國於週二釋出的兒童營養評估報告顯示：全球近7億的5歲以下兒童中，三分之一的兒童營養不良或超重，且因此面臨終身健康問題。

"If children eat poorly, they live poorly," said UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta Fore, unveiling the agency's first State of the World's Children report since 1999. "We are losing ground in the fight for healthy diets."

“如果孩子們吃的不好，他們生活的也不好，”聯合國兒童基金會執行主任亨利埃塔·福爾（Henrietta Fore）表示，這是該基金會自1999年以來首次發表的《世界兒童狀況報告》。“在爭取健康飲食的戰役中，我們正走著下坡路。”

Problems that once existed at opposite ends of the wealth spectrum have today converged in poor and middle-income countries, the report showed. Despite a nearly 40 percent drop in stunted growth in poor countries from 1990 to 2015, 149 million children age four or younger are today still too short for their age, a clinical condition that impairs both brain and body development.

報告顯示，曾經存在於財富譜兩端的問題，如今已集中發生在貧困和中等收入的國家。儘管從1990年到2015年間，貧困國家兒童的發育遲緩率下降了40%左右，但現今仍有1.49億4歲或4歲以下的兒童身高不達標，這種臨床症狀會影響他們的大腦和身體發育。

Another 50 million are afflicted by wasting, a chronic and debilitating thinness also born of poverty. At the same time, half of youngsters across the globe under five are not getting essential vitamins and minerals, a long-standing problem UNICEF has dubbed "hidden hunger". Over the past three decades, however, another form of child malnutrition has surged across the developing world: excess weight.

另外，還有5000萬的兒童因貧困而身體瘦弱，這是一種長期的消瘦症。同時，全球5歲以下的兒童中，一半兒童得不到必要的維生素和礦物質，聯合國兒童基金會將這一長期存在的問題稱為“隱性飢餓”。然而，過去三十年間，另一種形式的兒童營養失衡現象正在發展中國家激增：超重。

"This triple burden - undernutrition, a lack of crucial micronutrients and obesity - is increasingly found in the same country, sometimes in the same neighborhood, and often in the same household," said Victor Aguayo, head of UNICEF's nutrition program. "A mother who is overweight or obese can have children who are stunted or wasted."

“這種三重負擔——營養不良、缺乏關鍵的微量營養素和肥胖——正越來越多地出現在同一個國家，有時出現在同一個街區，也經常出現在同一個家庭，”聯合國兒童基金會營養專案的負責人維克多·阿加約（Victor Aguayo）說道。“過重或肥胖的母親可能會生出營養不良或瘦弱的孩子。”

Across all age groups, more than 800 million people in the world are constantly hungry and another 2 billion are eating too much of the wrong foods, driving epidemics of obesity, heart disease and diabetes.

在所有年齡段，全世界有8億多人經常捱餓，另有20億人過多食用垃圾食品，導致肥胖、心臟病和糖尿病的流行。

Among children under five, their mother's diet during the 1,000 days after conception has formed the foundation for their physical health and mental development. And yet, only two of five infants under six months old are exclusively breastfed, as recommended. Sales of milk-based formula have risen worldwide by 40 percent, and in upper middle-income countries such as Brazil, China and Turkey, there's has been a nearly 75 percent jump.

在5歲以下的兒童中，母親受孕1000天內的飲食為兒童的身體健康和智力發育奠定了基礎。但是，6個月以下的嬰兒中，只有五分之二的嬰兒是按照建議採取純母乳餵養。全世界範圍內，以牛奶為基礎的配方奶粉的銷售量上漲了40%，而在巴西、中國和土耳其等中等偏上收入的國家，其銷售量上漲了近75%。