Reported speech1 間接引語1
When we report someone’s words we can do it in two ways. We can use direct speech with quotation marks (“I work in a bank”), or we can use reported speech (He said he worked in a bank.)
當我們轉述別人的話的時候,我們能有兩種說法。我們可以用帶引號的直接語氣(“I work in a bank”),或者用間接引語(He said he worked in a bank.)。
In reported speech the tenses, word-order and pronouns may be different from those in the original sentence.
用間接引語的句子,其時態、單詞順序和代詞可能會跟原句的不同。
Present simple and present continuous tenses 一般現在時和現在進行時
• Direct speech: I travel a lot in my job.
直接語氣: “I travel a lot in my job”
Reported speech:He said that he travelled a lot in his job.
間接引語: He said that he travelled a lot in his job.
The present simple tense (I travel) usually changes to the past simple (he travelled) in reported speech.
一般現在時態,在間接引語裏一般變成一般過去時。
• Direct speech:Be quiet. The baby’s sleeping.
直接語氣: “Be quiet. The baby’s sleeping.”
Reported speech:She told me to be quiet because the baby was sleeping.
間接引語: She told me to be quiet because the baby was sleeping.
The present continuous usually changes to the past continuous.
現在進行時一般變成過去進行時。
Note
注意:
• Reported speech:“I work in Italy”
間接引語: He told me that he works in Italy.
It isn’t always necessary to change the tense. If something is still true now – he still works in Italy – we can use the present simple in the reported sentence.
並不是任何情況下都要改變時態,如果某事現在還是真實的—例句中,他現在還在意大利工作的話,我們就能在用間接引語的時候也用一般現在時態即可。
Past simple and past continuous tenses 一般過去時和過去進行時態
• Direct speech:“We lived in China for 5 years.”
直接語氣: “We lived in China for 5 years.”
Reported speech:She told me they had lived in China for 5 years.
間接引語: She told me they had lived in China for 5 years.
The past simple tense (we lived) usually changes to the past perfect (they had lived) in reported speech.
一般過去時態在間接引語中經常變成過去完成時。
• Direct speech:“I was walking down the road when I saw the accident."
直接語氣: “I was walking down the road when I saw the accident.”
Reported speech:He told me he’d been walking down the road when he’d seen the accident.
間接引語: He told me he’d been walking down the road when he’d seen the accident.
The past continuous usually changes to the past perfect continuous.
過去進行時經常變成過去完成進行時。
Perfect tenses 完成時態
• Direct speech:They’ve always been very kind to me.
直接語氣: “They’ve always been very kind to me”.
Reported speech:She said they’d always been very kind to her.
間接引語: She said they’d always been very kind to her.
The present perfect tense (have always been) usually changes to the past perfect tense (had always been).
現在完成時經常變成過去完成時。
• Direct speech: “They had already eaten when I arrived”
直接引語:“They had already eaten when I arrived”。
Reported speech: He said they’d already eaten when he’d arrived.
間接引語:He said they’d already eaten when he’d arrived.
The past perfect tense does not change in reported speech.
過去完成時態在變成間接引語的時候不用變。
You can find more information about reported speech in another section.
你在另一章節裏可以找到更多關於間接引語的語法信息。