比爾·蓋茨夫婦TED講座：我們如何放棄財富

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　　比爾·蓋茨夫婦TED講座：我們如何放棄財富

1993年，比爾·蓋茨夫婦把在海灘上散步，做了一個重大的決定：將微軟公司掙得的財富回報社會。在與克里斯安德森的談話中，夫婦倆談論了他們在比爾和梅琳達·蓋茨基金會的工作，他們的婚姻，他們的孩子，他們的失敗，還有他們回饋社會獲得的滿足感。

Melinda Gates: This is in Africa, our very first trip, the first time either of us had ever been to Africa, in the fall of 1993. We were already engaged to be married. We married a few months later, and this was the trip where we really went to see the animals and to see the savanna. It was incredible. Bill had never taken that much time off from work. But what really touched us, actually, were the people, and the extreme poverty. We started asking ourselves questions. Does it have to be like this?

Bill Gates: Well, we decided that we'd pick two causes, whatever the biggest inequity was globally, and there we looked at children dying, children not having enough nutrition to ever develop, and countries that were really stuck, because with that level of death, and parents would have so many kids that they'd get huge population growth, and that the kids were so sick that they really couldn't be educated and lift themselves up. So that was our global thing, and then in the U.S., both of us have had amazing educations, and we saw that as the way that the U.S. could live up to its promise of equal opportunity is by having a phenomenal education system, and the more we learned, the more we realized we're not really fulfilling that promise.

So this is a story largely of vaccines. Smallpox was killing a couple million kids a year. That was eradicated, so that got down to zero. Measles was killing a couple million a year. That's down to a few hundred thousand. Anyway, this is a chart where you want to get that number to continue, and it's going to be possible, using the science of new vaccines, getting the vaccines out to kids. We can actually accelerate the progress.

Because we built this thing together from the beginning, it's this great partnership. I had that with Paul Allen in the early days of Microsoft. I had it with Steve Ballmer as Microsoft got bigger, and now Melinda, and in even stronger, equal ways, is the partner, so we talk a lot about which things should we give more to, which groups are working well? She's got a lot of insight. She'll sit down with the employees a lot. We'll take the different trips she described. So there's a lot of collaboration. I can't think of anything where one of us had a super strong opinion about one thing or another?

Well, I would say a huge lesson for us out of the early work is we thought that these small schools were the answer, and small schools definitely help. They bring down the dropout rate. They have less violence and crime in those schools. But the thing that we learned from that work, and what turned out to be the fundamental key, is a great teacher in front of the classroom. If you don't have an effective teacher in the front of the classroom, I don't care how big or small the building is, you're not going to change the trajectory of whether that student will be ready for college.

梅琳達·蓋茨：這是我們第一次旅行，在非洲拍的。我們倆都是第一次去非洲，那是1993年的秋天，我們已經訂婚。幾月後，我們結婚了，我們想通過這次旅行看看野生動物和熱帶草原。真是太美了。比爾和我從來沒有放過這麼長的假。但是真正讓我們深受觸動的是那兒的人，那兒的貧窮。我們開始捫心自問，一切只能是這樣嗎?

比爾·蓋茨：我們決定選擇兩個方面：任何世界上最不公平的事，這指的是垂死的兒童，營養跟不上的兒童，因爲高死亡率發展停滯不前的國家，國家人口劇長，孩子病得太重，他們沒法受教育養活自己。這是世界的情況，而在美國，我們夫妻倆都受過良好的教育，我們看到美國實現“機會平等”這一承諾的途徑就是其良好的教育體系。我們瞭解的越多，就越深刻地意識到我們並沒有完全兌現我們的承諾。

所以這個故事主要說的是疫苗。以前，每年有幾百萬的兒童死於天花。現在我們擺脫它了，死亡數變成了零。每年有百萬人死於麻疹，現在這個數字是幾十萬。總之，在這張圖表中，如果你讓數字繼續下去，就有可能利用新疫苗技術爲兒童提供疫苗。我們可以加快這個進程。

因爲我們從零開始建立了它，這是一種絕妙的夥伴關係。微軟早期，我曾和保羅·艾倫有那種夥伴關係。微軟的成長期我有史蒂夫·巴摩，現在微軟更強了，梅琳達以一種更穩固，更平等的方式成爲了我的夥伴。我們談論了很多，哪些事情更應該重視，哪一個團隊運作的很好?她有很多深刻見解。她能和員工打成一片。我們各自出行，就像她說的，我們也有很多合作。我想不出有哪件事一方的主張特別強烈。

我想說的是一個深刻的教訓，工作早期，我們以爲小規模的學校就是解決辦法，當然小規模學校有一定作用，可以減少輟學率。學校內的暴力事件和犯罪比較低。但是我們從工作中學到的，也是最重要的一件事就是課堂上必須有個好老師。如果沒有有效率的老師，無論教室大或小，你都不可能改變學生是否已經準備好上大學的軌跡。