託福閱讀文章是怎麼構成的
爲了幫助考生對託福閱讀考試內容更加熟悉，在考試中能有更加理想的發揮，下面小編爲大家帶來託福閱讀文章是怎麼構成的一文，更多精彩盡請關注本站 !
託福閱讀文章是怎麼構成的?
1.學術性文章的篇章結構：
在學術性文章中，一般需要具備三個組成部分：
(1)Topic 話題：即文章的主角是什麼。比如講解某個科學理論、研究某種社會現象，探討某個歷史事件;在託福文章中，這種導入性信息往往出現在篇首位置。考生可以根據篇首段信息對整篇文章所要討論的核心內容有所瞭解。
(2)Aspects 方面：即將篇首的話題延伸拓展爲若干個方面進行闡述說明。若話題爲某個科學論點，則方面可能分爲若干個支持論據;若話題爲某種自然現象，則方面可能分爲若干個內外成因;若話題爲某個歷史事件，則方面爲幾段發展時期。在託福閱讀文章中，往往依照各個方面之間的層次關係，將各個方面拆分爲若干個獨立的自然段落，共同組成行文主體。
(3)Attitude態度：即文章的作者對於所討論話題持怎樣的態度。或是積極肯定，或是消極否定，或是保持中立。在託福閱讀文章中，態度往往是被較多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。
Topic話題 +Aspects方面 + Attitude態度，這三要素加起來就是標準學術論文體的"T+A+A篇章結構"。託福文章大都遵循這種結構，我們通過篇首段落信息來把控整個文章話題及大致討論方向，再抓住文章的各個段落主旨，便可洞悉整個文章脈絡和邏輯結構。
2.學術性文章的段落結構
學術性文章的自然段落，一般需要具備兩個組成部分：
(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句：表達段落的主旨，即本段想要表達的核心內容是什麼。
(2) Detail 細節：爲了詳細說明段落中心含義，所羅列的相關支持內容，即本段通過哪些例證來闡明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail細節，這兩個要素加起來就是標準學術論文體的"TS+D段落結構"。託福文章段落大都遵循這種結構，我們通過段落主旨句就可以把握該段的中心含義。
爲什麼你的託福閱讀錯題率高?
這其實和大家在做題中已經養成的「錯誤思路」有分不開的關係，下面小編就來盤點一些同學們在做閱讀題時的錯誤解題思路。
No.1
忽略文章標題
大部分同學都會有這樣的做法，跳過標題直接看文章。實際上，標題不僅僅是一篇文章的主題所在，更可以利用它來預判文章的內容，甚至是結構，這一點是至關重要的。
大家在做題的時候不妨可以研究整理一下「標題和對應文章結構的規律」，這將對大家理解文章結構和答題內容有很大的幫助。
No.2
選擇題就是要用排除法
這是一個很常見的錯誤做法，有很多同學做題爲了節省時間，不立足於原文，看完題幹馬上閱讀選項，憑感覺和簡單的記憶來排除錯誤選項。其實這不僅不能節省時間，反而會增加時間。
如果你做每一個題都把選項逐個閱讀一遍，那麼你是增加了閱讀量的，並且有一些選項比較長的題目，往往會讓大家越讀越費解，最後選擇錯誤。 我們在練習之初就要養成正確的做題習慣，立足原文，在原文中找到關鍵信息，閱讀答案的時候只搜索重點。只有把選擇題當做簡答題做，即從原文中找到題幹對應答案，再進行選擇纔是能確保百發百中，而且往往閱讀高手還可以節約掉不必要的閱讀選項的時間。
當然在大家熟練運用了之後是可以不用二次閱讀原文做到定位到正確選項的，前提是因爲原文的信息已經在你腦子裏了，不用再看一遍就能回憶出，這個並不屬於脫離原文。
No.3
提高詞彙題正確率只有背單詞就行
同學，你out了。
要知道在託福的詞彙考覈中，基本詞彙量、構詞法分析還有上下文推斷是三個考點。意味着增加詞彙量，只能對基本詞彙量和部分構詞法詞彙起到幫助，對上下文推斷收效甚微。這就是爲什麼經常有的學生考試詞彙量大概在10,000左右，但是託福閱讀仍舊還在24-26分徘徊的原因。
所以，詞彙理解必須基於句子結構搭配，以及上下文分析。當然，這種提升是針對要衝擊28-30滿分的學生的要求。
託福閱讀真題1
Geographers say that what defines a place are four properties: soil, climate, altitude, and aspect, or attitude to the Sun. Florida's ancient scrub demonstrates this principle. Its soil is pure silica, so barren it supports only lichens as ground cover. It does, however, sustain a sand-swimming lizard that cannot live where there is moisture or plant matter the soil. Its climate, despite more than 50 inches of annual rainfall, is blistering desert. The only plant life it can sustain is the xerophytic, the quintessentially dry. Its altitude is a mere couple of hundred feet, but it is high ground on a peninsula elsewhere close to sea level, and its drainage is so critical that a difference of inches in elevation can bring major changes in its plant communities. Its aspect is flat direct, brutal — and subtropical.
Florida's surrounding lushness cannot impinge on its desert scrubbiness. This does not sound like an attractive place. It does not look much like one either: shrubby little oaks, clumps of scraggly bushes prickly pear, thorns, and tangles. It appears, Said one early naturalist, to desire to display the result of the misery through which it has passed and is passing. By our narrow standards, scrub is not beautiful; neither does it meet our selfish utilitarian needs. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful about such a place?
The most important remaining patches of scrub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge, a chain of paleoislands running for a hundred miles down the center of Florida, in most places less than ten miles wide. It is relict seashore, tossed up millions of years ago when ocean levels were higher and the rest of the peninsula was submerged. That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious: it has remained unsubmerged, its ecosystems essentially undisturbed since the Miocene era. As a result, it has gathered to itself one of the largest collections of rare organisms in the world. Only about 75 plant species survive there, but at least 30 of these are found nowhere else on EArth.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How geographers define a place
(B) The characteristics of Florida's ancient scrub
(C) An early naturalist's opinion of Florida
(D) The history of the Lake Wales Ridge
2. The author mentions all of the following factors that define a place EXCEPT
(A) aspect
(B) altitude
(C) soil
(D) life-forms
3. It can be inferred from the passage that soil composed of silica
(A) does not hold moisture
(B) is found only in Florida
(C) nourishes many kinds of ground cover
(D) provides food for many kinds of lizards
4. The word sustain in line 6 is closets in meaning to
(A) select
(B) strain
(C) support
(D) store
5. The author mentions the prickly pear (line 12) as an example of
(A) valuable fruit-bearing plants of the scrub area
託福閱讀真題2
In the North American colonies, red ware, a simple pottery fired at low temperatures, and stone ware, a strong, impervious grey pottery fired at high temperatures, were produced from two different native clays. These kinds of pottery were produced to supplement imported European pottery. When the American Revolution (1775-1783) interrupted the flow of the superior European ware, there was incentive for American potters to replace the imports with comparable domestic goods. Stoneware, which had been simple, utilitarian kitchenware, grew increasingly ornate throughout the nineteenth century, and in addition to the earlier scratched and drawn designs, three-dimensional molded relief decoration became popular. Representational motifs largely replaced the earlier abstract decorations. Birds and flowers were particularly evident, but other subjects — lions, flags, and clipper ships — are found. Some figurines, mainly of dogs and lions, were made in this medium. Sometimes a name, usually that of the potter, was die-stamped onto a piece.
As more and more large kilns were built to create the high-fired stoneware, experiments revealed that the same clay used to produce low-fired red ware could produce a stronger, paler pottery if fired at a hotter temperature. The result was yellow ware, used largely for serviceable items; but a further development was Rockingham ware — one of the most important American ceramics of the nineteenth century. (The name of the ware was probably derived from its resemblance to English brown-glazed earthenware made in South Yorkshire.) It was created by adding a brown glaze to the fired clay, usually giving the finished product a mottled appearance. Various methods of spattering or sponging the glaze onto the ware account for the extremely wide variations in color and add to the interest of collecting Rockingham. An advanced form of Rockingham was flint enamel, created by dusting metallic powders onto the Rockingham glaze to produce brilliant varicolored streaks. Articles for nearly every household activity and ornament could be bought in Rockingham ware: dishes and bowls, of course; also bedpans, foot warmers, cuspidors, lamp bases, doorknobs, molds, picture frames, even curtain tiebacks. All these items are highly collectible today and are eagerly sought. A few Rockingham specialties command particular affection among collectors and correspondingly high prices.
1. Why did the potters discussed in the passage change the kind of pottery they made?
A) They discovered a new kind of clay.
B) They were compensation for the loss of an overseas supplier.
C) They studied new techniques in Europe.
D) The pottery they had been producing was not very strong.
2. The word ornate in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(B) unattractive plant life of the scrub area
(C) a pant discovered by an early naturalist
(D) plant life that is extremely rare
6. The author suggests that human standards of beauty are
(A) tolerant
(B) idealistic
(C) defensible
(D) limited
7. The word insignificant in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) unimportant
(B) undisturbed
(C) immature
(D) inappropriate
8. According to the passage , why is the Lake Wales Ridge valuable?
(A) It was originally submerged in the ocean.
(B) It is less than ten miles wide.
(C) It is located near the seashore.
(D) It has ecosystems that have long remained unchanged
9. The word it in line 21 refer to
(A) Florida
(B) the peninsula
(C) the Lake Wales Ridge
(D) the Miocene era
10. The passage probably continues with a discussion of
(A) ancient scrub found in other areas of the country
(B) geographers who study Florida's scrub
(C) the climate of the Lake Wales Ridge
(D) the unique plants found on the Lake Wales Ridge
PASSAGE 67 BDACB DADCD
A) elaborate
B) puzzling
C) durable
D) common
3. The passage suggests that the earliest stoneware
A) was decorated with simple, abstract designs
B) used three-dimensional decorations
C) was valued for its fancy decorations
D) had no decoration
4. How did yellow ware achieve its distinctive color?
A) by sponging on a glaze
B) by dusting on metallic powders
C) by brown-glazing
D) by firing at a high temperature
5. The phrase derived from in line 19 is closest in meaning to
A) ruined by
B) warned against
C) based on
D) sold by
6. The word It in line 20 refers to
A) red ware
B) yellow ware
C) Rockingham ware
D) English brown-glazed earthenware
7. The word Various in line 21 is closest in meaning to
A) complicated
B) accepted
C) careful
D) different
8. The phrase account for in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A) explain
B) restrict
C) finance
D) supplement
9. What was special about flint enamel?
A) its even metallic shine
B) its mottled appearance
C) its spattered effect
D) its varicolored streaks
10. Which of the following kinds of Rockingham ware were probably produced in the greatest
quantity?
A) picture frames
B) dishes and bowls
C) curtain tiebacks
D) doorknobs
11. The passage would most probably continue with a discussion of
A) what bedpans, foot warmers, and cuspidors were used for
B) well-known, modern-day potters who make Rockingham ware
C) examples of Rockingham ware that collectors especially want
D) pieces of Rockingham ware that are inexpensive in today's market
PASSAGE 68 BAADC CDADB C
