2018英語專四閱讀理解技巧：鎖定4處出題點（2）

三、類比比喻處

　　類比在文中主要有兩種體現方式，一是明喻，即A像B一樣;二是暗喻，說A是B，由於暗喻更加隱蔽，出題人往往趨向於在暗喻內容上出題。考生還要熟記，“借喻或借代”也是出題人常考的地方，例如用“多米諾骨牌”進行借代等。

　　【例題】

　　The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights ofthe Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to dealwith its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief,others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian MedicalAssociation, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But thetide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia — where an aging population,life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all playedtheir part — other states are going to consider making a similar law to dealwith euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement isgathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

　　52. When the author says that observers are waiting for thedominoes to start falling, he means ________.

　　[A] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards thefuture of  euthanasia

　　[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada andother countries

　　[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game ofdominoes

　　[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finallycome to a  stop

　　四、引用處

　　說明文或者議論文中經常引用他人的觀點來支持論證作者自己的觀點。引文既可以是從正面來支持自己的觀點，也可以是通過駁斥反面觀點從而論證自己的觀點。因此，引文間接地表達了作者自己的觀點，有一定的隱蔽性和迷惑性，所以也是出題考查的熱點地區，通常會考查考生的推理能力和對作者態度觀點的判斷能力。具體出現位置往往是第一段的第一句話。

　　【例題】

　　① To paraphrase18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of amisguided cause is that good people do nothing.” ② One such causenow seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals haverights ruling out their use in research. ③ Scientists need torespond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusingthe public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. ④ Leaders of theanimal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on publicfunding, and few people understand the process of health care research. ⑤ Hearingallegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed thatanyone would deliberately harm an animal.

　　46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to________.

　　[A] call on scientists to take some actions

　　[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights

　　[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research

　　[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement