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高中英語代詞的用法詳解

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代詞是代替名詞的詞,在高中英語的應用是比較廣泛的,下面本站的小編將爲大家帶來高中英語代詞的用法的介紹,希望能夠幫助到大家。

高中英語代詞的用法詳解
  高中英語代詞的用法介紹

1常見考法

1.人稱代詞的賓格在簡略答語中的使用。

2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。

, one, that, ones, those作爲替代詞的用法區別。

表天氣、時間、距離等句型及it作形式主語、形式賓語。

5.反身代詞和疑問代詞。

2代詞的分類

代詞是代替名詞或一句話的一種詞類。大多數代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞,按其意義、特徵及在句中的作用分爲:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關係代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞九種。

人稱代詞 主格:I我 you你 he他 she她 they他們 we我們

賓格:me我 you你 him他 her她 them他們 us我們

物主代詞 my我的 his他的 your你的(your你們的) their他們的 her她的

指示代詞 this這 that那 these這些 those 那些

反身代詞myself我自己 himself他自己 themselves他們自己

疑問代詞who誰 what什麼 which哪個

不定代詞some一些 many許多 both兩個;兩個都

關係代詞which……的物 who……的人 that……的人或物 who誰 that引導定語從句

相互代詞 each other 互相 one another互相

連接代詞 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever

替代詞one(單數),ones(複數) 用於替代前面出現的同類事物

3人稱代詞

1)人稱代詞的人稱、數和格,如下表所示。

2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語,賓格作賓語。如:

I like table tennis. (作主語)

Do you know him?(作賓語)

3)人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如:

---Who is knocking at the door?

---It’s me.

4)人稱代詞在than之後與其他人或事物進行比較時,用主格和賓格都可以。如:

He is older than me.

He is older than I am.

4物主代詞

1)表示所有關係的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性

物主代詞,如下表所示。

2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當於形容詞,可在句中作定語。例如:

Our teacher is coming to see us.

3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當於名詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。

Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語)

Is this English-book yours? (作表語)

I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語)

5反身代詞

1)作賓語,表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者,主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。

He called himself a writer.

2)作表語。

The girl in the news is myself.

3)作主語或賓語的同位語,表示親自或本人。

You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語同位語)

6不定代詞

1)some與any的區別

①some多用於肯定句,表示“一些,幾個”作形容詞時,後面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動詞;②可數名詞+複數動詞。

②any多用於疑問句、條件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容詞時,後面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動詞;②可數名詞+複數動詞。

③any和some也可以作代詞用,表示“一些”。any多用於疑問句或否定句中,some多用於肯定句中。

2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區別

①用作形容詞:

②a little和little也可以用作副詞,a little表示“有點,稍微”,little表示“很少”。

Let him sleep a little. (修飾動詞sleep)

She slept very little last night.

3)other, the other, another, others, the others的區別。

①other可以作形容詞用,後面可以跟單數或複數名詞,意思是“其他的、別的”。

Where are his other books?

②other也可以用作代詞,與冠詞the連用構成“the other”,表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構成“one ..., the other ...”句型。

He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.

③other作代詞用時,可以有複數“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構成“some ...., others ...”句型。

Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.

④“the others”表示特指某範圍內的“其他的人或物”。

In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.

⑤another可以作形容詞用,修飾後面的名詞,意爲“另一個”,還可以跟代詞one.

Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?

⑥another也可以作代詞用,表示“另一個”。

I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.

4)all和both的用法。

①all指三者以上的人或物,或不可數的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數,也可以用作複數。

②both作代詞。

Both of them came to see Mary.

Michael has two sons. Both are clever.

③both用作形容詞,放在名詞之前,修飾該名詞,表示“兩者都”。

Both his younger sisters are our classmates.

7疑問代詞

疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑問代詞用於特殊疑問句中,一般都放在句首,並在句子中作爲某一句子成分。例如:

Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主語)

8It 的用法

(1)作人稱代詞

John likes playing Pingpong./ He always does it in the afternoon.(指代上下文提到的事物);

(2)引導詞

A.作形式主語,代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。

It's important for us to learn a second language.

B.作形式賓語,代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。

We feel it our duty to help others.

C.強調結構:It is (was) +被強調部分+that (或who)…

(3) it,one,that 的區別:

one 用以指代同類事物中的任一,that 特指性強,指代可數與不可數詞,而it指代上文提過的同一事物。

9誤區提醒

文化背景不清、習慣用法錯誤、短語搭配錯誤、同類詞語用法不清。

典型例題

se come in and make ____ at home. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. yours

解析:錯選A。有些動詞可後加反身代詞作賓語,如bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave 等,make oneself at home是招待客人時的禮貌用語,此題中後有boys,所以正確答案C。

he said is ____ but practical since ____ depends on “ if”.

hing;everything ing;everything ything;anything ;everything

解析:錯選B或C。anything but 爲“絕對,一點也不”;nothing but爲“只是”,本題意思是:既然他說的一切取決於不確定因素,那麼那些話絕對不實際。正確答案A。

點擊下頁查看更多高中英語介詞短語在句中的作用  高中英語介詞短語在句中的作用

1介詞的搭配與選擇

介詞不能在句子中獨立充當一個成分,而需要與其後面的賓語相結合,成爲介詞短語,在句中充當一個成分。所以選用什麼介詞要根據其後面所接的賓語而定。但是,有時介詞也受其前面用詞的限制,因此,許多情況下也應根據介詞前面的詞選用相應的介詞。

2介詞的語法功能

介詞與其他詞類或成分結合後方能在句子中充當語法成分,構成介詞短語。介詞短語可以作定語(須後置)、狀語、表語、賓語補足語、另一個介詞的賓語,間或作主語等。

例如:

The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定語)

Her eyes were tired from long reading.(狀語)

The decision is of great importance to me.(表語)

They found the machine in a bad state.(賓語補足語)

A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介詞賓語)

On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主語)

3介詞的分類

介詞是用於名詞詞組或相當於名詞詞組的結構之前,表示詞語之間意義關係的詞類。 英語常用的介詞大致可分爲四類:

1.簡單介詞

顧名思義,簡單介詞是指由一個單詞構成的介詞,也是使用最頻繁的一類介詞。簡單介詞也可能由形容詞、副詞、分詞、名詞、連詞等轉變而來。常用的簡單介詞有:

at,about,above,across,after,among, against,before,behind,below,beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except,for,in,of,on,over,near,past, round,since,through,till,until,with,up等。

2.合成介詞

指由介詞+其它介詞或副詞構成的介詞。常用的合成介詞有:

inside,into,onto, outside,throughout,towards,within,without等。

3.二重介詞

指由兩個單一的介詞並列在一起,作爲一個介詞使用並表達一個完整意思的介詞。常見的二重介詞有:

from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。

4.短語介詞

指由介詞+介詞、介詞+名詞、介詞+分詞、介詞+動詞、介詞+形容詞、介詞+副詞等構成的短語.常用的有:

according to, along with,in front of,by means of,in spite of,together with,with regard to等。短語介詞與介詞短語不同。介詞短語是由介詞加賓語構成,本身可作句子成分,如定語或狀語等,可單獨使用;而短語介詞是用作介詞的短語,不可獨立使用,本身不能作句子成分,後面要跟名詞、動名詞或代詞等。

4介詞的賓語

介詞的賓語可以是名詞、代詞或其他詞類或句子等。例如:

名詞:The car ran into a wall,and two men were killed.

代詞:Wherever he went,he carried the photo with him.

形容詞:Your plan is far from perfect.

副詞:I can't see the tower clearly from came from afar.

動名詞:He entered the room without taking off his hat.

不定式:He did nothing but cry.

介詞短語:She often studies till after midnight.

數詞:In nine out often he won't come.

疑問詞+不定式:The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.

疑問詞引導從句:He does not care about who will be promoted.

that引導的從句:Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.

5介詞短語的句法功能

1.作定語

The key to the door is missing.

2.作表語

As we know, Japanis to the east of China.

3.作狀語

1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (時間狀語)

2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地點狀語)

3)All the work must be done by hand. (方式狀語)

6介詞的複合結構

1. 介詞+賓語+形容詞

He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.

2. 介詞+賓語+分詞

The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.

3. 介詞+賓語+不定式

The cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me.

4. 介詞+賓語+副詞

The little boy rushed out of the house without anything on.

5. 介詞+賓語+介詞短語

The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.

7介詞的疊用

在少數介詞之後還可接另一個介詞短語,也就是我們所稱的二重介詞。如:

The naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.

四、介詞+and+介詞

Not knowing what to do, the worried officer walked up and down the room.

There are many trees in and outside the town.

8介詞的固定搭配

在英語中固定搭配的介詞詞組和短語介詞很多,平時需要加強記憶。此處講解幾個常見的動詞與介詞的固定搭配,並且就較容易混淆的介詞搭配進行比較、分辨。

as 擔任 act for 代理

y to 應用於,適合於,向……申請 apply for 申請,要求

ng to 屬於 belong in住在,應該…… belong with 應歸於(類別,範疇等)

on 號召,請求,拜訪 call at 探訪(at後接地方) call in 請醫生,召集,收集 call to 高聲喚(某人)

are with 跟……相比較 compare to 把……比作,與……相比

espond with 與……通信;適合 correspond to 相當於

in 做生意,經營(=engage in) deal with 對付,論及,與……交往(=cope with)

with 玩(某物) play at玩(某種遊戲) play on 玩(某種樂器)

er from 患(病),受……禍患.

on 伺候 wait for等待

9常易混用介詞的區別

1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介詞。

2. 表示地點的in和at的區別

a) at表示位置,in表示“在…內”如:

— Where is he? — He is at the cinema. (問話者想知道的是位置)

— Is he in the cinema? — Yes, he is. (問話者可能已經在影院門外)

b) at表示小地點,in表示大地點

They arrived at the village at seven.

They arrived in Beijing at seven.

3. in, to和on在方位名詞前的區別

in表示在某範圍之內;to表示某範圍之外的地方;on表示“毗鄰、接壤”

Taiwanlies in the east ofChina.

Taiwanlies to the east of the mainland ofChina.

Mongolia (蒙古) is (lies) on the north of China.

4. 表示時間的in和after

用於將來時態時,in後面接“時段”;after後面接“時點”。試比較:

He will be back in five hours.

He will be back after five o’clock.

after後面也可接“時段”,但應該用在過去時態的句子中。

They came back after five days.

10常見考法

一些常見介詞如in, at, for, to, by, on, against, between, along, below, with, as等的辨析;

一些介詞短語如next to, far from, out of, due to, in all, in fact, in short, in return, in search of, in place of, for lack of, for fear of, by nature, in case, by chance 的辨析.

11誤區提醒

1. 一些介詞的基本用法不清;2. 一些多義介詞的用法弄混;3. 一些介詞短語不會靈活運用。

【典型例題】

d you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.

B. at C. for D. to

解析: 錯選D。for everyone’s enjoyment 意爲“爲了大家欣賞”,for在此處爲一基本用法,但受to one’s joy的影響錯選答案。正確答案爲C。

2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.

A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to

解析:錯選C。next to 挨着,far from 遠非,out of 出於,due to 因爲,根據意思,有空的句子要表達“但還很不理想”。正確答案爲B。

高中英語介詞短語在句子中的作用

1介詞的搭配與選擇

介詞不能在句子中獨立充當一個成分,而需要與其後面的賓語相結合,成爲介詞短語,在句中充當一個成分。所以選用什麼介詞要根據其後面所接的賓語而定。但是,有時介詞也受其前面用詞的限制,因此,許多情況下也應根據介詞前面的詞選用相應的介詞。

2介詞的語法功能

介詞與其他詞類或成分結合後方能在句子中充當語法成分,構成介詞短語。介詞短語可以作定語(須後置)、狀語、表語、賓語補足語、另一個介詞的賓語,間或作主語等。

例如:

The skyscraper in the distance isa five-star hotel.(定語)

Her eyes were tired from long reading.(狀語)

The decision is of great importance to me.(表語)

They found the machine in a bad state.(賓語補足語)

A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介詞賓語)

On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主語)

3介詞的分類

介詞是用於名詞詞組或相當於名詞詞組的結構之前,表示詞語之間意義關係的詞類。 英語常用的介詞大致可分爲四類:

1.簡單介詞

顧名思義,簡單介詞是指由一個單詞構成的介詞,也是使用最頻繁的一類介詞。簡單介詞也可能由形容詞、副詞、分詞、名詞、連詞等轉變而來。常用的簡單介詞有:

at,about,above,across,after,among, against,before,behind,below,beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except,for,in,of,on,over,near,past, round,since,through,till,until,with,up等。

2.合成介詞

指由介詞+其它介詞或副詞構成的介詞。常用的合成介詞有:

inside,into,onto, outside,throughout,towards,within,without等。

3.二重介詞

指由兩個單一的介詞並列在一起,作爲一個介詞使用並表達一個完整意思的介詞。常見的二重介詞有:

from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。

4.短語介詞

指由介詞+介詞、介詞+名詞、介詞+分詞、介詞+動詞、介詞+形容詞、介詞+副詞等構成的短語.常用的有:

according to, along with,in front of,by means of,in spite of,together with,with regard to等。短語介詞與介詞短語不同。介詞短語是由介詞加賓語構成,本身可作句子成分,如定語或狀語等,可單獨使用;而短語介詞是用作介詞的短語,不可獨立使用,本身不能作句子成分,後面要跟名詞、動名詞或代詞等。

4介詞的賓語

介詞的賓語可以是名詞、代詞或其他詞類或句子等。例如:

名詞:The car ran into a wall,and two men were killed.

代詞:Wherever he went,he carried the photo with him.

形容詞:Your plan is far from perfect.

副詞:I can't see the tower clearly from came from afar.

動名詞:He entered the room without taking off his hat.

不定式:He did nothing but cry.

介詞短語:She often studies till after midnight.

數詞:In nine out often he won't come.

疑問詞+不定式:The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle.

疑問詞引導從句:He does not care about who will be promoted.

that引導的從句:Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak.

5介詞短語的句法功能

1.作定語

The key to the door is missing.

2.作表語

As we know, Japanis to the east of China.

3.作狀語

1) On Sundays, the family are mostly out. (時間狀語)

2) On top of the hill stands a TV tower. (地點狀語)

3)All the work must be done by hand. (方式狀語)

6介詞的複合結構

1. 介詞+賓語+形容詞

He is used to sleeping with all the windows open.

2. 介詞+賓語+分詞

The wounded boy glared at the nobleman with his teeth clenched.

3. 介詞+賓語+不定式

The cat humped its back just like a fierce tiger to jump upon me.

4. 介詞+賓語+副詞

The little boy rushed out of the house without anything on.

5. 介詞+賓語+介詞短語

The teacher entered the classroom with a book under his arm.

7介詞的疊用

在少數介詞之後還可接另一個介詞短語,也就是我們所稱的二重介詞。如:

The naughty boy suddenly rushed out from behind the tree to frighten the girl.

四、介詞+and+介詞

Not knowing what to do, the worried officer walked up and down the room.

There are many trees in and outside the town.

8介詞的固定搭配

在英語中固定搭配的介詞詞組和短語介詞很多,平時需要加強記憶。此處講解幾個常見的動詞與介詞的固定搭配,並且就較容易混淆的介詞搭配進行比較、分辨。

as 擔任 act for 代理

y to 應用於,適合於,向……申請 apply for 申請,要求

ng to 屬於 belong in住在,應該…… belong with 應歸於(類別,範疇等)

on 號召,請求,拜訪 call at 探訪(at後接地方) call in 請醫生,召集,收集 call to 高聲喚(某人)

are with 跟……相比較 compare to 把……比作,與……相比

espond with 與……通信;適合 correspond to 相當於

in 做生意,經營(=engage in) deal with 對付,論及,與……交往(=cope with)

with 玩(某物) play at玩(某種遊戲) play on 玩(某種樂器)

er from 患(病),受……禍患.

on 伺候 wait for等待

9常易混用介詞的區別

1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介詞。

2. 表示地點的in和at的區別

a) at表示位置,in表示“在…內”如:

— Where is he? — He is at the cinema. (問話者想知道的是位置)

— Is he in the cinema? — Yes, he is. (問話者可能已經在影院門外)

b) at表示小地點,in表示大地點

They arrived at the village at seven.

They arrived in Beijing at seven.

3. in, to和on在方位名詞前的區別

in表示在某範圍之內;to表示某範圍之外的地方;on表示“毗鄰、接壤”

Taiwanlies in the east ofChina.

Taiwanlies to the east of the mainland ofChina.

Mongolia (蒙古) is (lies) on the north of China.

4. 表示時間的in和after

用於將來時態時,in後面接“時段”;after後面接“時點”。試比較:

He will be back in five hours.

He will be back after five o’clock.

after後面也可接“時段”,但應該用在過去時態的句子中。

They came back after five days.

10常見考法

一些常見介詞如in, at, for, to, by, on, against, between, along, below, with, as等的辨析;

一些介詞短語如next to, far from, out of, due to, in all, in fact, in short, in return, in search of, in place of, for lack of, for fear of, by nature, in case, by chance 的辨析.

11誤區提醒

1. 一些介詞的基本用法不清;2. 一些多義介詞的用法弄混;3. 一些介詞短語不會靈活運用。

【典型例題】

d you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ____ everyone’s enjoyment.

B. at C. for D. to

解析: 錯選D。for everyone’s enjoyment 意爲“爲了大家欣賞”,for在此處爲一基本用法,但受to one’s joy的影響錯選答案。正確答案爲C。

2. So far, we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ____ ideal. We have to work still harder.

A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to

解析:錯選C。next to 挨着,far from 遠非,out of 出於,due to 因爲,根據意思,有空的句子要表達“但還很不理想”。正確答案爲B。


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