高中英語動詞的形式和種類的考點

在英語的學習中，學生需要學習的詞語的種類比較的多，下面本站的小編將爲大家帶來高中英語的動詞的形式和種類的介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。

　　高中英語動詞的形式和種類的介紹

常見考法：

1.系動詞和實義動詞的辨析;

2.動詞的各種時態的辨析;

3.沒有被動的某些不及物動詞或者不及物動詞詞組;

4.區分謂語動詞和非謂語動詞;

5.情態動詞的含義辨析;

6. 動詞短語辨析。

英語動詞的分類及基本形式

動詞的分類

表示動作中狀態的詞叫做動詞。根據其在句中的功能，動詞可分爲行爲動詞、系動詞、助動詞和情態動詞四類，有些動詞是兼類詞。如：

We have lunch at 12. 我們12點吃午飯。(have是行爲動詞)

We have been to New York. 我們去過紐約。(have是助動詞)

W I am hungry. 我餓了。(am是連繫動詞)

She was beaten on the way home. 她在回家的路上被人打了。(was是助動詞)

You neednt have waited for me. 你本來不必等我。(need是情態動詞)

The door needs painting. 這個門需要油漆了。(needs及物動詞)

動詞的基本形式

絕大多數動詞都有五種基本形式：動詞原形、一般現在時第三人稱單數、過去式、過去分詞和現在分詞。

A. 第三人稱單數形式的構成

一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數時，謂語動詞後要加s或es，其變化規則與名詞變複數的方法大體相同：

1. 一般情況下只在動詞後加s，如work—works, write—writes。

2. 以s, x, sh, ch結尾的動詞，後加es，如guess—guesses, mix—mix, finish—finishes, catch—catches。

3. 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，改y爲ies，如study—studies。

注：不規則變化的有have—has, be—is, go—goes, do—does等。

B. 現在分詞的構成

1. 一般情況下在動詞後加ing，如study—studying, work—working。

2. 以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞，先去掉e再加ing，如write—writing, move—moving。

3. 以一個元音字母和一個輔音結尾的重讀音節結尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾一個輔音字母，再加ing，如get—getting, begin—beginning。

4. 以ie結尾的名詞，一般將ie改爲y，再加ing，如lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying。

注：(A) 以l結尾的動詞，尾音節重讀時，雙寫l，如control—controlling;尾音節不重讀時，雙不雙寫都可以，如travel—traveling(美) /travelling(英) 。(B) 特例：picnic—picnicking。

C. 過去式和過去分詞的構成

1. 一般情況直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked。

2. 以不發音的e結尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced。

3. 以輔音字母加y結尾，把y變爲ied，如try—tried, study—studied。

4. 以一個元音字母和一個輔音結尾的重讀音節結尾的動詞，先雙末尾一個字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped, permit—permitted。

注：(A) 以l結尾的動詞，尾音節重讀時，雙寫l，如control—controlled;尾音節不重讀時，雙不雙寫都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /traveled(英) 。(B) 特例：picnic—picnicked。另外，還有很多動詞的過去式和過去分詞是不合乎上述規則的，需要熟記。

知識點總結

類 別	意義	例 句
實義動詞	含有實在的意義,表示動作或狀態,在句子中能獨立作謂語。	Shehassome bananas. Theyeata lot of potatoes.
連繫動詞	本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須和表語一起構成謂語。	His fatherisa teacher. Twins usuallylookthe same. The teacherbecamevery angry.
助動詞	本身沒有詞義,不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞,用來表示否定、疑問、時態、語態或其它語法形式,助動詞自身有人稱、單複數和時態的變化。	Hedoesn’t speak English. Weare playing basketball. Doyou have a brother?
情態動詞	本身有一定的意義,不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞,表示說話人的語氣和情態。情態動詞沒有人稱和單複數的變化,有些情態動詞有過去式。	Youcankeep the books for two weeks. MayI smoke here? Wemust go now.

重要註解：

(1) 關於實義動詞：

① 英語的實義動詞又可分爲及物動詞和不及物動詞兩大類：

後面必須跟賓語意義才完整的叫及物動詞;本身意義完整,後面不需跟賓語的叫不及物動詞。

② 有些動詞通常只作不及物動詞。如：go, come, happen, lie, listen, rise, arrive等。

有些動詞通常用作及物動詞。如：say, raise, lay, find, buy等。

③ 大多數動詞可以兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞。如：study, sing等。

④ 有些動詞作及物動詞與作不及物動詞時的意義有所不同。如：know, wash等。

⑤ 有些動詞常和介詞、副詞或其它詞類一起構成固定詞組,形成短語動詞。如：listen, reply, wait, look.

(2) 關於連繫動詞：

①連繫動詞用來連接主語和表語,連繫動詞後面常爲形容詞。

②常見的連繫動詞有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等。

③有些連繫動詞來源於實義動詞,意思也跟着變化：look(看→看起來)、feel(感覺、摸→感到)、 smell(聞、嗅→聞起來)、taste(嘗→嚐起來)、turn(翻轉、轉動→變得)、grow(生長→變得)、get(得到、到達→變得)、go(去→變得),所不同的是,作爲實義動詞時,後面不能跟形容詞。

(3) 關於助動詞：

①常見的助動詞有：

用於進行時和被動語態的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;

用於完成時的have(has, had, having) ;

用於將來時的shall (should) ; will (would)

用於一般時的do(does, did) .

②助動詞必須同主語的人稱和數一致,也就是說因主語人稱、數的不同而採用不同的形式,其中有些助動詞也可作情態動詞。如：shall, will, should, would.

(4) 關於情態動詞：

2、動詞詞形變化一覽表：

(1)規則動詞變化表：

規 則變 化	原形動詞結尾情況	現在時單三人稱	現在分詞/動名詞	過去式和過去分詞
	一般情況	+s	+ing	+ed
	s,x,ch,sh,o結尾	+es	+ing	+ed
	輔音字母+y結尾	y→i,+es	+ing	y→i,+ed
	重讀閉音節一元一輔結尾	+s	雙寫輔音字母,+ing	雙寫輔音字母,+ed
	不發音的e結尾	+s	去掉e,+ing	+d
	ie結尾	+s	ie→y,+ing	+d
不規則變化		have→has；be→is	(無)	(見不規則動詞變化表)

(2)不規則動詞變化表：( 原形 → 過去式 → 過去分詞)

be(am,is)	was	been		lose		lost	lost
be(are)	were	been		make		made	made
beat	beat	beaten		may		might
become	became	become		mean		meant	meant
begin	began	begun		meet		met	met
blow	blew	blown		mistake		mistook	mistaken
break	broke	broken		must		must
bring	brought	brought		pay		paid	paid
build	built	built		put		put	put
buy	bought	bought		read		read	Read
can	could			ride		rode	ridden
catch	caught	caught		ring		rang	rung
choose	chose	chosen		rise		rose	risen
come	came	come		run		ran	run
cost	cost	cost		say		said	said
cut	cut	cut		see		saw	seen
dig	dug	dug		sell		sold	sold
do	did	done		send		sent	sent
draw	drew	drawn		set		set	set
drink	drank	drunk		shall		should
drive	drove	driven		shine	shone		shone
eat	ate	eaten		show	showed		shown
fall	fell	fallen		shut	shut		shut
feel	felt	felt		sing	sang		sung
find	found	found		sink	sank/sunk		sunk/sunken
fly	flew	flown		sit	set		set
forget	forgot	forgot/forgotten		sleep	slept		slept
freeze	froze	frozen		smell	smelt		smelt
get	got	got		speak	spoke		spoken
give	gave	given		spend	spent		spent
go	went	gone		spill	spilt		spilt
grow	grew	grown		spoil	spoilt		spoilt
hang	hung/hanged	hung/hanged		stand	stood		stood
have(has)	had	had		sweep	swept		swept
hear	heard	heard		swim	swam		swum
hide	hid	hidden		take	took		taken
hit	hit	hit		teach	taught		taught
hold	held	held		tell	told		told
hurt	hurt	hurt		think	thought		thought
keep	kept	kept		throw	threw		thrown
know	knew	known		understand	understood		understood
lay	laid	laid		wake	woke/waked		woken/waked
learn	learnt/learned	learnt/learned		wear	wore		worn
leave	left	left		will	would
lend	lent	lent		win	won		won
let	let	let		write	wrote		witten
lie	lay	lain

3、be(“是/存在”)動詞的各種時態變化：

一 般 現 在 時	一 般 將 來 時	現 在 完 成 時
I am…. You are.… He/She/It is…. We/You/They are….	(I等各人稱) will be…. I am He/She/It is going to be… We/You/They are	I have been…. You have been…. She/he/It has been…. We/You/They have been….
一 般 過 去 時	過 去 將 來 時	過 去 完 成 時
I was…. You were.… He/She/It was…. We/You/They were….	(I等各人稱) would be…. I was He/She/It was going to be… We/You/They were	I had been…. You had been…. She/he/It had been…. We/You/They had been….

注意：句型變化時,

否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 後面加not,而且not都可以縮寫爲n’t (am後面not不可以縮寫);

疑問句將am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。

4、其它謂語動詞(主動語態)的時態變化一覽表：

現在 時態	一 般 現 在 時	現 在 進 行 時	一 般 將 來 時	現 在 完 成 時
謂語動詞構成	動詞用原形(單三加s / es) (問句和否定句借用助詞do / does)	am is+動詞-ing are	will + 動詞原形 am is +going to+動詞原形 are	have +過去分詞 has
過去時態	一 般 過 去 時	過 去 進 行 時	過 去 將 來 時	過 去 完 成 時
謂語動詞構成	動詞用過去式 (問句和否定句借用助詞did)	was +動詞-ing were	would + 動詞原形 was+going to+動詞原形 were	had +過去分詞

注：動詞的非謂語形式及用法見非謂語動詞專項講解。

誤區提醒

動詞的種類和形式要結合動詞的時態、語態等來學習，掌握好動詞的分類和形式，是學好時態和語態的基礎，撇開動詞分類及基礎知識去學其他內容，是捨本求末的做法，只有基礎紮實了，才能高屋建瓴，徹底弄清楚跟動詞有關的其他內容，打贏英語學習當中的攻堅戰!

點擊下頁查看更多高中英語的倒裝句的結構和用法3　　高中英語的倒裝句的結構和用法

1完全倒裝結構及用法

一、具有“地點”意義的副詞、時間意義的副詞，以及能表移動方向的副詞放在句首，句子的主語是名詞，謂語是連繫動詞或表示“位置移動”的單個不及物動詞時，該動詞放在主語前面。如：There goes the bell.

注意：當主語是人稱代詞時，儘管副詞在句首，主謂不倒裝。如：Out they rushed.

二、具有“方位”意義的介詞短語或副詞短語在句中作狀語或表語放在句首，謂語是連繫動詞be，以及表示“位於、存在”或“位置移動”的單個不及物動詞時，該動詞放在主語前面。如：Among the hens is a big cock.

三、作表語的形容詞或分詞放在句首時，連繫動詞放在主語前面[英語語法]。如：Present at the party were the ladies in the big city.

四、全部倒裝是隻將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。全部倒裝常見結構有：

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。

Here he comes. Away they went.

2部分倒裝結構及用法

把謂語的助動詞、情態動詞放在主語前面爲部分倒裝。在下列情形中出現部分倒裝。

一、把“so ... that ...”句型中的“so + 形容詞 / 副詞”部分放在句首時，be動詞或助動詞放在主語前面。如：

So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.

二、用so，neither或nor構成的特殊句型，表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同樣情況時，出現部分倒裝。如：

Jim asked the question. So did Lily.

三、把具有“否定”意義的詞語放在句首時，出現部分倒裝。如：

Never shall I forget your advice.

四、注意下面幾種情形的倒裝：

1. “only + 狀語從句”和“not until + 從句”位於句首時，在主句中進行倒裝。如：

Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.

2. “not also...”連接兩個分句，not only位於句首時，倒裝在not only所在分句進行。如：

Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.

3. “no ...”句型中的no sooner位於句首時，倒裝在no sooner 主句中進行;“hardly / ...”句型中的hardly位於句首時，倒裝在hardly / scarcely主句中進行。如：

No sooner had I gone in the house than it began to rain.

4. 當if引導從句表示虛擬語氣時，if可省，再把從句中的were，had或should放在主語前面，形成部分倒裝。如：

Had we been present, such a thing would not have happened.

5. 當as引導讓步狀語從句時，參照下面的形式進行特殊倒裝。如：

Proud as these women are, they still look very weak. (作表語的形容詞提前)

Student as he is, he often works in the factory. (作表語的名詞提前，同時省去不定冠詞a)

Hard as she worked, she couldn't support her family. (修飾謂語動詞的副詞提前)

Try as he would, he might fail again. (帶助動詞的謂語動詞提前)

五、部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態動詞倒裝至主語之前。沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，並將其置於主語之前。

1)句首爲否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,not only…(but also), hardly/scarcely…(when), no sooner…( than) 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

2) so, either, nor作部分倒裝

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won''t go, neither will I.

3) only在句首要倒裝的情況

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

4) as, though引導的倒裝句

as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前)。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

Young boy as he is, he knows a lot about basketball teams.

Hard as it was, they reached the peak of the mountain.

5) 其他部分倒裝

1)so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時，需倒裝。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2)在某些表示祝願的句型中：

May you all be happy.

3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，採取部分倒裝。

Were I you, I would try it again.

常見考法 1. not until 引導時間狀語(從句)時的倒裝;

2. 含so 的句子倒裝與不倒裝的區別;

3. only引導狀語或狀語從句時的倒裝;

4. 虛擬條件句省略If時的倒裝。

誤區提醒1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

A. man did know B. man knew C. didn''t man know D. did man know

解析：答案爲D.否定詞not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。

2) Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don''t know, ___.

A. nor don''t I care B. nor do I care

C. I don''t care, neither D. I don''t care also

解析：答案爲B.句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重複出現。其中, so用於肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

3) --- You forgot your purse when you went out. --- Good heavens, ____ .

A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did

解析：錯選A。 本題空處不表跟前面情況一樣，只是對上述情況的隨聲附和，所以不用倒裝。正確答案B。

4)Only when the war was over ____ to hometown.

A. did the soldier return B. the soldier returned

C. returned the soldier D. the soldier did return

解析：only 引導狀語或狀語從句時主句要用部分倒裝。此題爲一般過去時，須在主語前加did, 故正確答案爲A。

5) ____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.

A. If it is not B Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not

解析：錯選A。此題關鍵是前後時態要呼應。本題是一個虛擬條件句，根據主句的時態，應該是對過去情況的虛擬，所以往前推一個時態的話，應該是過去完成時。故正確答案爲C。

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