毀童年：德國古童話熱衷女漢子/娘炮

Most fairytales are overrun with wicked witches, entrapped princesses and dashing young princes.

邪惡的女巫、受困的公主、年輕勇敢的王子，這是大多數童話故事裏都有的人物。

But a new collection offers a different take on the classics - without the Happily Ever After.

但是最近有一部童話集卻“不走尋常路”，跳出了那種“王子和公主從此過上了幸福生活”的形式。

The stories were compiled by German historian Franz Xaver von Schönwerth in the 1880s - around the same time as the Brothers Grimm folk tales - from across the Bavarian region of Oberpfalz.

這部童話集中的故事由德國曆史學家弗朗茲·克薩韋爾·馮·希昂韋斯收集而來。希昂韋斯和格林兄弟生活在同一時期，他在德國上普法爾茨地區收集到的這些故事與格林童話形成了鮮明對比。

And now the collection, which lay undiscovered in a local archive for 150 years, is set to be published in English for the first time, the Guardian reports.

而現在這部被作爲地方檔案收藏了近150年的童話集首次被譯成英文並出版。

While the well-known Grimm fairytales often feature a vulnerable princess and dragon-slaying hero, Schönwerth reverses their roles - offering readers powerful female and vulnerable male characters.

格林童話童話中描繪的多是柔弱、易受攻擊的公主和英勇的王子之間的故事，而希昂韋斯收集的這套童話卻與此正相反，它們塑造的則是強有力的女性形象和柔弱、易受攻擊的男性形象。

In Schönwerth's fantastical version Cinderella, for example, the heroine uses her golden - not glass - slippers to rescue her lover from beyond the moon.

比如希昂韋斯版本的《灰姑娘》，講述的是女主人公用她的金鞋子而不是水晶鞋將她的愛人從月球之外拯救出來的故事。

But his work, which also includes untold tales such as The Stupid Wife and The Girl And The Cow, failed to attract the same attention as that of the Brothers Grimm and faded into obscurity.

希昂韋斯收集的還包括瞭如《傻老婆》、《女孩和牛》等故事，但這些並沒有引起和格林童話一樣的關注度，因此逐漸被人淡忘。

Many of the tales were told to him by peasants, labourers and servants, after being passed down through generations by word-of-mouth.

希昂韋斯收集的故事大多是從一些農民、僕人及體力勞動者那兒聽來的，這些故事多是經歷了幾代人的口口相傳。

He completed a book on his findings called Aus der Oberpfalz – Sitten und Sagen, which came out in three volumes. They included the fairy tales and historical background on them.

希昂韋斯根據收集到的這些童話故事編輯成一套三卷本的著作。其中不僅包括了童話故事，還包括了故事的歷史背景。

In 1885, Jacob Grimm said this about him: 'Nowhere in the whole of Germany is anyone collecting [folklore] so accurately, thoroughly and with such a sensitive ear.'

1885年，雅各布·格林曾這樣評價道：“德國再也找不到任何人能憑藉這樣一雙靈敏的耳朵將故事收集得如此準確和全面。”

But Schönwerth's volumes never gained prominence and were mostly forgotten.

但是希昂韋斯的童話集並未獲得關注，而且大部分都被遺忘了。

It was only when Erika Eichenseer, 80, was sifting through Schönwerth's work in an archive in Regensburg that his work re-emerged into the public domain.

直到80歲的艾麗卡·愛琴斯爾將這部一直沉睡在雷根斯堡歷史檔案館中的著作發掘出來，才使它們重新迴歸到公衆的視線中。

Ms Eichenseer, a retired teacher who now works as a cultural curator, moved to have the tales translated English and they will be published in a new Penguin edition called The Turnip Princess.

退休教師、現從事文化圖書等工作的愛琴斯爾女士一直致力於將這套童話集翻譯成英文，並重新出版，定名爲《蘿蔔公主》。

One story tells of a maiden who escapes a witch by transforming herself into a pond. The witch then lies on her stomach and drinks all the water, swallowing the young girl.

在這套童話集中，其中有一個故事講述了一個年輕女孩爲了躲避女巫把自己變成了一個池塘，女巫趴下來喝光了池塘中所有的水，也吞掉了這個年輕女孩。

But once she has drunk the pond, the girl uses a knife to cut her way out of the witch.

但是當女巫試圖吞下整個池塘時，女孩用一把刀逃了出來。

In another, a woman gives her belongings to the poor but regains her wealth after she scares off a group of thieves.

另一個故事中，一個女人把自己的所有財產都給了窮人，但在嚇退了一羣盜賊之後又重新得回了自己的財產。

Ms Eichenseer says the fairytales were invented for people of all ages.

愛琴斯爾女士稱這些童話故事適合各個年齡段的人羣。

Speaking about the books in 2012, she said: 'Their main purpose was to help young adults on their path to adulthood, showing them that dangers and challenges can be overcome through virtue, prudence and courage.'

說起這套書，她說：“目的是爲了幫助年輕人更好地成長，讓他們知道，成長的道路上遇到的任何危險和挑戰都能用美德、謹慎和勇氣去化解、克服。”