研究：面對女上司，男下屬更想維護男子氣概

Men with female bosses are more likely to ask for a pay rise because they feel their masculinity is under attack, a psychology study has suggested. Social scientists said they have found evidence that a fear of their masculinity being challenged would explain why some men act more assertively when they have a senior female colleague.
一項心理研究表明，給女老闆當部下的男員工要求提薪的可能性更大，因爲他們覺得自己的男性氣概受到了攻擊。社會科學家表示，他們已經找到證據表明，當面對比自己職務高的女同事時，男員工擔心自己的男子漢氣概受到挑戰，因此，他們會表現得更加果斷。

'Male subordinates experience especially strong levels of threat when interacting with a female superior, which further leads them to act assertively', Ekaterina Netchaeva of Bocconi University in Milan, which carried out the survey added.
來自米蘭市博科尼大學的葉卡捷琳娜?奈特查耶娃發起了這項調查，她補充說，“男性下屬在與女上司接觸的過程中會有一種非常強烈的威脅感，這會使得他們做事更加堅定自信。”

'The explanation is rooted in the idea that men's masculinity or manhood is elusive and tenuous. It is something that needs to be continuously bolstered, especially when it threatened by close association with femininity', she continues.
她還表示，“有人認爲，男子的陽剛之氣是捉摸不定，若隱若現，這就解釋了上述現象。這種氣概需要不斷得到鞏固，特別是當與女性交往密切而受到威脅時。”

For the study, published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers asked 52 male and 24 female college students to ask for a pay rise in a fake job interview, carried out by with both sexes of managers.
這項研究發表在《個性與社會心理學通報》上，研究人員讓52名大學男生與24名大學女生在一個模擬求職面試中要求加薪，面試官既有男經理，也有女經理。

They found the men who had negotiated with a female boss were judged as more threatening, and pushed more for a higher salary. Women, however, did not notably change their behavior with a female or male boss, backing up the common trend that women are less pushy when it comes to pay negotiations.
研究人員發現，與女老闆協商的男同學會被認爲是更具威脅性，他們對加薪的要求更加強烈。然而，無論是與女老闆還是男老闆協商，女同學的行爲並沒有改變多少，這就應證了一個普遍趨勢：面對薪資協商，女員工並不是太執意強求。

The social scientists also found that when men received a hypothetical bonus to share with their colleagues for work completed, they were less likely to split it with a boss of the opposite sex than women.
社會科學家也發現，與女同學相比，男同學因爲完成任務而領到獎金且要與同事分享時，他們不太可能與異性領導分享。

Vocabulary
elusive: 難以捉摸的
tenuous: 貧乏的
bolster: 增強，鞏固
bulletin: 公告
hypothetical: 假設的