女性採用男性站姿更具領導範兒
It is often said this is a man's world.
人們總說，這是男性主宰的世界。
So perhaps it should be no surprise that the key to appearing confident, knowledgeable and inspirational is to stand like a man.
所以，女性要想表現出自信、睿智、勵志的關鍵就在於用男性的姿態出現在公衆面前的想法就不足爲奇了。
Research shows that women are more likely to be viewed as leadership material when they adopt a typically male posture, with their feet planted shoulder-width apart.
研究表明，人們認爲女性採用典型的男性站姿（雙腳分開站立與肩同寬）時更具領導風範。
Expansive hand gestures add to the 'power pose'.
手勢適當伸展可爲“強勢姿態”加分。
The University College London study found that small changes to a woman's stance can have a big effect on how she is perceived, even when what she wears and says stay the same.
倫敦大學學院研究發現，女性站姿的細微變化會大大影響其在別人心目中的形象，哪怕她的穿着和說話內容沒有絲毫變化。
The researchers said: 'It seems the way people look when words are spoken influences the way people interpret these words.'
研究者稱：“演講者的講話形態似乎也會影響觀衆的理解能力。”
In the first of two experiments, the scientists filmed an actress delivering a short speech while standing in various different ways.
第一場實驗中，科學家們拍攝了一位女演員以各式各樣的站姿做簡短演講的視頻。
Some 1,500 men and women watched the videos and then rated her on everything from attractiveness to how knowledgeable she appeared to be.
約1500名男性和女性觀看了這個視頻，並對視頻中的女演員進行了從吸引力到學識表現力等各方面的“等級評定”。
In the second experiment, 500 volunteers watched videos of actors and actresses who adopted one of two poses.
第二場實驗中，500名志願者觀看了由男、女演員分別以兩種站姿之一錄製的視頻。
One was a power pose, in which their feet were wide apart and they gestured with their hands.
其中一種是強勢型站姿——雙腳分開站立，並配上一些手勢。
The other was a more submissive stance, in which the actors swayed from side to side and kept their hands by their sides.
另外一種姿勢則屬於較溫順的姿態——演員們將雙手放在身體兩側，在演講的過程中左右擺動。
Overall, those who struck the power pose were judged more confident, convincing, knowledgeable, inspiring and leader-like.
總的來說，採用強勢型站姿的人給人的感覺更加自信、有說服力、睿智、勵志並更具領導人風範。
The volunteers also said they'd be more likely to vote for them in an election.
志願者表示，選舉中他們更傾向於投票支持這些人。
Co-researcher Richard Newman, of public speaking training company UK Body Talk, recommends standing still, with feet shoulder-with apart.
來自公共演講培訓公司UK Body Talk的共同研究人理查德•紐曼建議，雙腳應分開站立與肩同寬，站立過程中避免身體亂晃。
Hands - and arms - extended, with the elbows away from the body.
手肘與身體分離，並適當展開雙手及雙臂。
He said that the advice, detailed in the journal Psychology, may be particularly useful for women, many of whom have been brought up to believe it is unfeminine to stand like a man.
紐曼稱，《心理學》雜誌裏的具體建議對於女性來說尤爲受用，但多數女性提出，這種像男人一樣站立的站姿失去了女性特有的柔美感。
Mr Newman said: 'When I do coaching, I find that women more often resist standing like this.
紐曼先生說：“我給學員輔導的時候，我發現更多的時候，女性對這種站姿還是有所牴觸的。”
'So, I show them pictures of people like Angelina Jolie, Beyoncé and Julia Roberts, and say 'they are all doing it and they have presence'.'
“所以，我把安吉麗娜•朱莉、碧昂斯、茱莉亞•羅伯茨的照片給她們看，並告訴她們‘她們都是這麼站，氣場強大着呢’。”
He said that we are 'born to stand' with our feet apart.
紐曼先生說，雙腳分開站立是我們與生俱來的能力。
It is the first stance that toddlers adopt when they learn to walk and puts someone in a position of physical strength, while show they are not a pushover.
兒童學步時便用這種姿勢，這種姿勢顯得人力氣很大，也不容易打敗。
The pose also makes the person themselves feel more confident and it may be that others pick up on this.
這種姿勢同樣能夠讓人感受到由內而發的自信，而且也更有可能得到別人的關注。
Mr Newman said: 'The findings show that if women can overcome their cultural conditioning and communicate using a stronger style, it could significantly increase their impact and influence and overall success in the workplace.
紐曼先生稱：“研究結果顯示，如果女性能夠克服文化因素，並用一種更強硬的風格進行交流，那麼她們在工作中的影響力以及成功的可能性也會得到顯著提高。”
'Gender should never be a barrier to your ideas being heard.
“性別不應該成爲向大衆傳達思想的障礙。”
'Instead of having a world led by people who are accidentally good speakers, we could have a world led by people who have the best ideas and know how to express them, whatever their sex.' |“我們應該不論性別，讓有那些有思想有表現力的演講者，而非那些發揮不穩定的人來引領世界。”
However, like most things, practice makes perfect.
然而，如大多數事情一樣，熟能生巧纔是王道。
Mr Newman added: 'You have to practise it and do it in your own way. Everyone has their own style.'
紐曼先生補充道：“關於站姿，我們應該加以練習並形成自己的風格。每個人都應該有自己獨特的風格。”
