夏天高溫會讓人更加暴躁

Summer's hot temperatures can make people feel exhausted - but also make them extremely grumpy, a study claims.
夏季的高溫會讓人覺得很疲憊，但一項研究稱，它還會讓人非常暴躁。

Northwestern researchers found that when people are uncomfortably hot, they are less willing to be helpful and are often more moody.
西北大學的研究人員們發現，當人們熱得不舒服時，他們就會不太那麼願意幫助別人、而且會變得更加喜怒無常。

Previous studies show that in addition to having foul moods, soaring temperatures can cause people to be more violent and aggressive, with crime rates peaking during the summer.
之前的研究顯示，除了會讓人脾氣不好之外，氣溫飆升還會導致人們更加暴力和好鬥--夏季往往是犯罪率最高的時候。

Experts believe these negative behaviors stem from exhaustion and dehydration, which puts people in testier moods.
專家認爲，這些負面行爲源於疲勞和脫水，從而使得人們的情緒易怒。

The study was done in three parts and conducted by researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois and Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. The goal of the study was to examine how heat influenced people to be less helpful.
該項研究分爲三部分，分別由伊利諾伊州西北大學以及賓州伯利恆的理海大學的研究者們進行。研究的目的是探討炎熱如何使得人們不願意幫助別人。

Researchers first looked at data provided by a Russian retail chain that allowed them to see how environments impacted workers.
研究人員首先查看了由一家俄羅斯零售連鎖店提供的數據，使得他們瞭解環境如何對工人造成影響。

Those working in hot temperatures were 50 percent less likely to help customers, actively listen to someone and to make suggestions.
對於那些在高溫下工作的人來說，他們有50%的機率更不願幫助顧客、主動聽取別人意見或者提出建議等。

Liuba Belkin, lead author of the study, said in an interview with Quartz: 'To our knowledge, this was the first study to establish the connection between ambient temperature and a reduction of prosocial behavior with data.
該研究的主要作者柳芭·貝爾金在採訪中對《Quartz》表示：“據我們所知，這是第一次用數據研究的方式，來探討環境溫度和人親社會行爲減少之間的聯繫。”

'The point of our study is that ambient temperature affects individual states that shape emotional and behavioral reactions, so people help less in an uncomfortable environment, whatever the reason they come up with to justify why they cannot do.'
“我們研究的重點是，環境溫度會影響形成情緒和行爲反應的個體狀態，因此人們在不舒服的環境中會不那麼愛幫助別人，不管他們爲此想出什麼正當的理由。”

In the second part of the study, researchers used an online survey where half of the paid participants were asked to recall a time they were uncomfortably hot.
在研究的第二部分，研究人員們使用了一項在線調查，而其中一半的有償參與者們還被要求回憶起一個熱得不舒服的時刻。

After finishing a set of questions, both groups were asked to help with a second study, but they wouldn't be paid.
在回答完一系列問題之後，所有的人都被請求無償幫助第二項研究。

Out of those who were asked to recall a time they were hot, only 34 percent agreed to help out with the second survey. This was compared to the other group who weren't asked about a hot day, where 74 percent willingly did the second survey for free.
在那些被要求回憶熱得不舒服時刻的人中，只有34%的人選擇幫助第二項研究。而在另一組沒有要求回憶熱的不舒服的人中，願意幫助第二項研究的人數達到了74%。

The last part of the study found people in a hot room were less likely to fill out a questionnaire at 64 percent, compared to people in a cool room at 95 percent.
研究的最後一部分發現，身處炎熱房間的人更不願意填寫一份問卷--僅有64%人填寫了問卷，而涼爽房間裏95%的人填寫了問卷。