小心:心臟病更容易在早上發作

Heart attacks are far more dangerous in the mornings than at any other time of the day, research shows.
研究表明，早上心臟病發作比一天當中其他任何時候的更危險。

Patients struck down between 6am and midday suffer a fifth more damage to their heart muscle compared with those who have an attack later on.
患者在早上6點到正午這段時間心臟病發作對心肌的損害比晚些時候的更嚴重1/5。

Scientists believe the phenomenon may be due to the changes in the body’s blood pressure, hormone levels and metabolism rates that naturally occur when a person wakes up.
科學家認爲該現象是由於早上起牀後自然地引起體內血壓，激素水平和新陳代謝率改變。

It is already well established that heart attacks are more likely to happen in the morning than other times of the day, but the latest study is the first to show that they are also more severe at this time of day.
事實已經證明心臟病發作時間更有可能出現在早上，而不是其他時候，但是此次最新研究首次表明在這個時候發作更嚴重。

Scientists at the National Centre of Cardiovascular Research in Madrid, Spain, studied 811 patients who were admitted to hospital with heart attacks between 2003 and 2009.
西班牙馬德里的國家心血管研究中心科學家研究了811個2003年到2009年因心臟病發作送到醫院的患者。

All had suffered a type of heart attack known as an ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, caused by a prolonged period of blocked blood supply.
他們都遭受ST段擡高心肌梗死（STEMI）的心臟病發作，是由於長期血管阻塞引起的。

The researchers gauged the severity of the attacks by measuring the levels of the enzymes creatine kinase and troponin-I, which are higher the more the heart muscle has been damaged.
研究人員通過測量酵素肌酸激酶和肌鈣蛋白I的含量判定心臟病的嚴重程度，如果這些含量越高，就會有更多的心肌被破壞。

They found that damage to the heart was 21 per cent greater when the attack had occurred between 6am and midday.
他們發現，如果心臟病發作時間在早上6點到正午之間，心臟的破壞會高出21%。

The results of the study, published in the medical journal Heart, also revealed that 269 patients had their heart attack in the 6am to noon period, followed by 240 patients who had their attack between noon and 6pm, 161 during the 6pm to midnight period, and 141 between midnight and 6am.
研究結果發表在醫學雜誌《心臟》上，同樣顯示，在早上6點到中午這段時間心臟病發作的患者有269人，接下來是在中午到下午6點這段時間的是240人，在下午6點到半夜12點的有161人和在半夜12點到早上6點的141人。

Doctors cannot yet explain why heart attacks appear to be more severe in the morning, but they believe it may be caused by natural changes in the body that occur over a 24-hour period.
醫生還不能解釋爲什麼早上心臟病發作會更嚴重，但是他們相信這是由體內在24小時裏自然改變引起的。

(恆星英語學習網原創編譯,轉載請註明出處!)For example, blood pressure is at its highest in the morning and lowest at night, during sleep. Hormones such as cortisol, which increases blood sugar levels, are also in higher concentration in the morning. The body’s metabolism increases when we wake up, but at night it is comparatively slow.
例如，血壓在早上時最高，而晚上睡覺時最低。激素如皮質醇，增加血糖水平，同樣在早上濃度更高。早晨起牀時體內的新陳代謝加速，但是晚上就相對較低。

The trend could also be explained by the fact some people suffering chest pain at night may try to wait until morning before getting help.
這種趨勢也可以解釋人們在晚上感到胸痛可能等到早上纔去看病的事實。

Judy O’Sullivan, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: ‘This study provides some interesting observations. However further research is needed.
英國心臟基金會高級心臟護士Judy O’Sullivan說：“這個研究提供了一些有趣的觀察結果。然而需要進一步的研究。”

‘Regardless of the time of day, the quicker someone having a heart attack is treated, the less the damage they will have, which is why it is essential that anyone who experiences heart attack symptoms should call 999 immediately.’
“無論什麼時候，當病人心臟病發作時越快治療，傷害就越少，這就是爲什麼有人心臟病發作必須馬上撥打999。”

There is already compelling evidence that heart attacks are more common in the morning. In 2008 researchers in Cincinnati claimed the risk was four times as high compared with other times of the day.
已經有更加令人信服的證據證明心臟病發作在早上比較常見。2008年研究人員在辛辛那提大學稱早上病發的風險是一天中的其他時間的4倍。

(恆星英語學習網原創編譯,轉載請註明出處!)