美國香菸盒大變樣 將用恐怖警示標識

Rotting teeth and gums. Diseased lungs. A sewn-up corpse of a smoker. Cigarette smoke coming out of the tracheotomyhole in a man's neck.

腐爛的牙齒和牙齦。病變的肺。吸菸者被縫合上的屍體。從男人脖子上的氣管套管洞中飄出的煙。

Cigarette packs in the US will have to carry these macabreimages in nine new warning labels that are part of a campaign by the Food and Drug Administration to use fear and disgust to discourage Americans from lighting up.

這些恐怖的圖像將出現在美國香菸盒的九種新警示標識上。美國食品和藥品監督管理局想利用這種新警示標識讓美國民衆感到恐懼、噁心，從而讓其放棄吸菸。這些新警示標識是美國藥管局戒菸運動的一部分。

The labels, announced on Tuesday, represent the biggest change in cigarette packs in the US in 25 years.

這些警示標識是在週二發佈的，是美國25年來在香菸盒上做的最大變動。

At a time when the drop in the nation's smoking rate has come to a standstill, the government is hoping the in-your-facelabels will go further than the current surgeon generalwarnings toward curbing tobacco use, which is responsible for about 443,000 deaths a year in the US.

在全國吸菸率停止下降的情況下，美國政府希望這種刺激眼球的警示標識能夠比當前衛生局局長髮出的控制菸草使用的警告更有效。吸菸每年造成美國44.3萬人死亡。

"These labels are frank, honest and powerful depictions of the health risks of smoking," Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a statement.

美國衛生與公共服務部部長凱瑟琳 西貝利厄斯在一項聲明中說：“這些警示標識直白、有力地描述了吸菸對於健康的危險。”

The FDA estimates the labels will cut the number of smokers by 213,000 in 2013, with smaller additional reductions through 2031.

美國藥管局估計這些警示標識將讓美國菸民數量在2013年減少21.3萬，到2031年還會繼續減少，儘管幅度不會那麼大。

Other countries such as Canada and Uruguay have used graphic, even grisly, warnings for years, and various studies suggest they spur people to quit. But exactly how effective they are is a matter of debate, since the warnings are usually accompanied by other government efforts to stamp outsmoking.

有些國家，如加拿大和烏拉圭，數年來都在使用這種恐怖圖像作爲警示標識。多項研究表明這種警示標識會促使人們戒菸。但是具體而言這些警示標識的效果如何仍存在爭議，因爲在警示標識之外，通常還伴隨着政府的其他戒菸措施。

"I think it's a great deterrentfor kids," said Kristen Polland, 24, of Prattville, Ala. "If you start there, you have won half of the battle."

來自阿拉巴馬州普拉特維爾的24歲的克里絲藤 波蘭德說：“我認爲這對於孩子是一個很好的震懾手段。如果你從孩子抓起，仗就打贏了一半。”Rhonda Vanover, 43, of Cincinnati, on the other hand, said: "No one is going to stop me -- unless they make it illegal. Cigarettes get me through the day. They are part of my life."

來自辛辛那提市的43歲的榮達 凡諾維爾卻說：“沒有人可以阻止我，除非他們規定吸菸是違法的。有了香菸，我這一天才熬得過去。它們是我生活的一部分。”

The labels also include images of a smoker wearing an oxygen mask and a mother and baby with smoke swirling nearby. Some images are not graphic at all; one shows a man wearing an "I Quit" T-shirt.

這些警示標識還包含帶着氧氣面罩的吸菸者的圖像，還有煙霧繚繞中的母親和嬰兒的圖像。也有些警示標識不包含圖像。有一個警示標識是一個男人身穿“我要戒菸”T恤。

The warnings will take up the entire top half — both front and back — of a pack of cigarettes. They must also appear in advertisements and constitute 20 percent of each ad. Cigarette makers will have to run all nine labels on a rotating basis. They have until the fall of 2012 to comply.

這些警示標識將被印在香菸盒的上半部分（正反面都如此）。它們還須佔據香菸廣告面積的20%。從2012年秋天開始，菸草生產商將必須輪流印製九種警示標識的香菸盒。