第三隻眼看“小悅悅事件”：旁觀者效應

The bystander effect or Genovese syndrome is a social psychological phenomenon that refers to cases where individuals do not offer any means of help in an emergency situation to the victim when other people are present. The probability of help has in the past been thought to be inversely related to the number of bystanders; in other words, the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any one of them will help. The mere presence of other bystanders greatly decreases intervention.
旁觀者現象是一種社會心理學現象，指在緊急情況由於有他人在場而沒有對受害者提供幫助的情況。救助行爲出現的可能與在場旁觀人數成反比，即旁觀人數越多，救助行爲出現的可能性就越小。

This happens because as the number of bystanders increases, any given bystander is less likely to notice the incident, less likely to interpret the incident as a problem, and less likely to assume responsibility for taking action.
這是因爲隨着旁觀者數量的增加，任何一個旁觀者就越是不容易注意到發生了什麼，也越是不容易將發生的事情看做是麻煩，因此也就越是不容易產生採取行動的責任感。

The case of Kitty Genovese is often cited as an example of the "bystander effect". It is also the case that originally stimulated social psychological research in this area. 28 year-old Kitty Genovese was stabbed to death on March 13, 1964 by a serial rapist and murderer on her way back to her Queens, New York apartment from work at 3am. According to newspaper accounts, the attack lasted for at least a half an hour during which time Genovese screamed and pleaded for help. The murderer attacked Genovese and stabbed her, then fled the scene after attracting the attention of a neighbor. The killer then returned ten minutes later and finished the assault. Newspaper reports after Genovese's death claimed that 38 witnesses watched the stabbings and failed to intervene or even contact the police until after the attacker fled and Genovese had died. This led to widespread public attention, and many editorials.
Kitty Genovese案例一直被視爲“旁觀者效應”的經典案例。Genovese小姐於1964年被一個連環強姦殺人犯用刀捅死。根據報紙報道，這個過程長達30分鐘。在引起一位鄰居的注意後，殺人犯逃離現場，十分鐘後重回現場並繼續捅Genovese小姐直到她死亡。報紙報道38位目擊者目擊了兇殺過程，但是沒有一個人出來阻止或者打電話報警。這在當時引起了社會上很大的轟動。