中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第57期:陸游

Lu You (1125~1210), literary name Fangweng, courtesy name Wuguan was one of the most important and prolific Chinese writers of the Southern Song Dynasty, noted for his collection of nearly 10 000 poems as well as numerous prose pieces.

陸游(1125~1210),多務觀，號放翁。南宋最爲重要和多產的作家之一，寫了近10 000一首詩還有許多散文而著稱。

Primarily a poet, Lu gained renown for his simple, direct expression and for his attention to realistic detail, features that set him apart from the elevated and allusive style characteristic of the prevailing Jiangxi school of poetry.

作爲一名詩人，他以簡樸、直接的表達和對現實細節的觀注聞名。陸游的詩所具有的這些特徵與當時盛行的江西詩派嚴肅、隱喻的特徵相背離。

As a conservative in matters of form, however, he wrote a number of poems in the gushi ("old poetry") mode and excelled at the lüshi ("regulated poetry") form, the sharply defined tonal matical patterns of which had been perfected by the great masters of the Tang Dynasty.

然而陸游在形式上是保守的，寫了許多佔詩並且擅長寫律詩:律詩的音律早在唐代就被大師們完善了。

Lu has been most admired for the ardour of his patriotic poems, in which he protested the Jin invasion of Song in 1126, the year after his birth, and chided the Southern Song court for its passive attitude toward driving out the invaders and reconquering its lost northern territories.

陸游還因他的愛國主義詩篇裏洋溢的愛國熱情而備受仰慕，在這些詩篇裏，他抗議金國1126年(他出生後的那一年)對宋朝的人侵，斥責南宋朝廷對趕走金人收復失地所持的被動態度。

Because of his hawkish views, expressed at a time when the displaced court was controlled by a peace faction, Lu failed to advance in his career as an imperial official. Four times demoted for his outspoken opinions, Lu finally resigned his civil-service commission and retired to his country estate.

陸游的觀點強硬，而南遷的朝廷由求和派控制着，所以作爲朝官他的事業未能有所進展。

During retirement Lu devoted most of his poetry to the appreciation and praise of rural life.

陸游曾因坦率直言被降職四次，所以他最終辭職還鄉。

Like the poet Tao Qian, whom he took as his model, Lu depicted the rural countryside in homely detail, evoking its moods and scenes through fresh and precise imagery.

辭官後，陸游的大多數詩都表達了對農村生活的欣賞和讚美，他以陶潛爲榜樣，以樸實的細節描述農村居民，通過清晰精確的意象再現農村的印象和景色。