金立羣 亞投行決策效率將明顯高於現有發展銀行
The incoming head of the new China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has vowed to run a “clean, lean and green” institution operating to the highest international standards but with greater speed than its rivals.
中國主導的亞洲基礎設施投資銀行(AIIB,簡稱亞投行)侯任行長金立羣承諾打造一個“精幹、廉潔、綠色”的機構，將按照最高的國際標準運營，併力爭比其他同類機構更高效。
Jin Liqun, the president-designate of the AIIB, said it would abide by the toughest environmental and social standards in its lending and model itself in many ways on existing multilateral development banks.
金立羣表示，亞投行在發放貸款方面將遵守最嚴格的環境和社會標準，同時在許多方面都將仿照現有的多邊開發銀行。
But in an interview with the Financial Times, Mr Jin, a high-ranking former Chinese official, said it would make decisions much faster than established lenders. The bank plans to unveil its first “batch” of projects in the second quarter of 2016.
但這位前中國高級官員在接受英國《金融時報》採訪時表示，亞投行的決策速度將明顯快於現有的發展銀行。亞投行計劃在2016年第二季度公佈其“首批”項目。
Mr Jin dismissed concerns — widely held in Washington and Tokyo — that the bank will be another instrument of Chinese power. “This is not a Chinese bank. This is a bank owned by all 57 countries [who have joined as founding shareholders]. And in the future there will be more members, right?” he said.
金立羣反駁了在華盛頓和東京普遍存在的擔憂，即亞投行將成爲中國增強影響力的又一個工具。他說：“這不是一家中國銀行。這是由57個（作爲創始股東加入的）國家共同擁有的銀行。而且未來還會有更多的成員國，不是嗎？”
The US and Japan were welcome to join the AIIB as shareholders, Mr Jin said, adding: “We are very inclusive.” But if they did, the bank would have to expand its $100bn capital base to accommodate them, he added, because the other 57 members had taken up almost all its shares.
金立羣表示，歡迎美國和日本作爲股東加入亞投行。他補充稱：“我們是非常包容的。”但如果要接納美國和日本，亞投行將需要擴大目前爲1000億美元的資本基礎，因爲57個成員國已經認繳了幾乎所有份額。
That would put the US and Japan in the awkward position of boosting the firepower of an institution deemed a ploy by China to establish its own rival to the World Bank and other US and European-led multilateral institutions.
美國和日本認爲中國發起設立亞投行是爲了挑戰世界銀行(World Bank)和其他由美國和歐洲主導的多邊機構，如果兩國加入，將把自身置於增強該機構火力的尷尬位置。
The AIIB is not expected formally to come into existence until the end of this year. Its members are still ratifying its articles of agreement. They are also thrashing out things like its social and environmental standards while an interim secretariat is recruiting staff.
預計亞投行將於今年底正式成立。目前各成員國仍在審覈協議條款，研究討論社會及環境標準等事項，同時一個臨時祕書處正在招募員工。
But the bank is already preparing its first loans, which will include projects co-financed with the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, a move intended in part to soften the image of the AIIB and emphasise its willingness to work with existing institutions.
但亞投行已在籌備首批貸款項目，其中將包括與世界銀行和亞洲開發銀行(Asian Development Bank)合作提供融資的項目，此舉在一定程度上是爲了緩和亞投行的形象，並突出其與現有機構合作的意願。
Mr Jin declined to say which countries or sectors the AIIB would initially target but said the first projects would “meet the urgent needs of Asian countries”.
金立羣拒絕透露亞投行最初會以哪些國家或者行業爲支持目標，但表示首批項目將“滿足亞洲國家的迫切需求”。
He played down the influence that European shareholders such as the UK had exerted on the AIIB since joining this year despite US objections. Although Britain and others claimed at the time that they would help shape the AIIB at its founding, Mr Jin said they had joined too late to do much more than tweak drafts of its articles of agreement that had already been agreed.
他淡化英國等歐洲股東不顧美國反對於今年早些時候申請加入亞投行後所帶來的影響。儘管英國和其他國家當時宣稱，它們將有助於在創立之初塑造亞投行，但金立羣表示，它們加入過晚，對已達成的協議條款的草案不過是略有調整。
Mr Jin said that, following the example of other development banks, the new lender would recruit its staff internationally, including from non-members such as the US. They would be offered the same sort of tax-free income that the World Bank pays its staff.
金立羣表示，亞投行將效仿其他發展銀行，在國際上招募員工，包括來自美國等非成員國的人才。他們的收入將享受與世界銀行員工一樣的免稅待遇。
The AIIB also would set up a research arm, albeit one that was likely to be more focused on sectoral issues than on the sort of macro research done by the World Bank and others.
亞投行還將設立一個研究機構，不過這個機構可能偏向於研究行業問題，而非世界銀行等機構所開展的那種宏觀研究。
However, Mr Jin also made clear that he intended to avoid some of the pitfalls of other development banks and would adopt much more rapid lending procedures, aided by the decision not to have an intrusive resident board micro the bank’s activities. “No private sector companies have a resident board,” he said.
然而，金立羣也明確表示，他決定避免其他發展銀行的一些弊端，將採用更爲快捷的放貸流程，並決定不設立干擾性的常駐理事會對亞投行的活動進行微觀管理。他說：“沒有一傢俬營公司設立常駐董事會。”
All of the AIIB’s loans in 2016 and many of its initial projects would be approved by the non-resident board. The board would also set broad lending policies for the AIIB.
亞投行在2016年的所有貸款以及許多初始項目將需要獲得非常駐理事會的批准。該理事會還將爲亞投行制定全面的放貸政策。
But Mr Jin said that, eventually, the vast bulk of its loans would be made at the discretion of management, giving him potentially huge powers to sign off on projects.
但金立羣表示，最終而言，大部分貸款將由管理層決定。這意味着他很可能在批准項目上擁有很大權力。
“The first project of any country, the first project of any sector or projects over a certain limit will be approved by the board. Otherwise the approval authority will be delegated by the board to the management,” he said.
他說：“對任何國家的首個項目、對任何行業的首個項目或者附帶限制條件的項目都需經過理事會批准。其他審批權限將由理事會下放給管理層。”
