中國在緬甸投資規模急劇下降

Chinese investment in Myanmar has fallen sharply over the past year amid strained relations, even as interest from other foreign investors in the Southeast Asian has surged.

過去一年，中緬關係緊張，中國對緬甸的投資急劇下降，而其他外國投資者對這個東南亞國家的興趣則陡然濃厚起來。

The drop comes as China is wrapping up construction of its last large-scale investment project in Myanmar: the construction of two pipelines that this year will transport oil and natural gas from the Bay of Bengal through Myanmar into southern China.

中國對緬甸投資減少正趕上中國在緬甸最後一個大型投資項目竣工之際。這個項目建成後，兩條管道今年將把石油和天然氣從孟加拉灣(Bay of Bengal)經由緬甸輸送至中國南部地區。

China was Myanmar's closest political and trading partner for several decades before 2011, when Myanmar─hit by sanctions from the West because of Myanmar's authoritarian policies─began a series of political and economic overhauls.

在2011年以前的幾十年時間裏，中國一直是緬甸最親密的政治和貿易伙伴。2011年，因獨裁政策受到西方制裁的緬甸開始了一系列政治和經濟改革。

Now, as Myanmar increasingly looks to the West, popular sentiment has been turning against China and its historically close ties with the former military junta. Influential Myanmar human-rights group 88 Generation last month called for China to renegotiate its investment contracts. The group said the contracts were made in opaque deals with the former Myanmar regime.

如今，緬甸越來越崇尚西方，民衆轉而反對中國以及中國與緬甸前軍政府的密切關係。頗有影響力的緬甸人權組織88世代學生組織(88 Generation)上月呼籲中國就其緬甸投資合同展開重新談判。該組織說，合同與緬甸前政權簽訂，屬不透明交易。

The objections─along with protests against Chinese projects, often for environmental reasons─are signs of growing concern in Myanmar over its neighbor's rising economic, military and political influence.

除上述針對中國的反對意見外，緬甸還發生過反對中國項目的抗議活動（常以環保爲由）。這些均顯示出，緬甸對鄰邦中國日益增強的經濟、軍事和政治影響力越來越感到擔心。

In the most significant recent blow to relations between the two countries, Myanmar President Thein Sein stopped a Chinese-backed $3.7 billion hydropower dam project in 2011 in response to local opposition. The project would have supplied electricity to China.

2011年，因爲當地人士的反對，緬甸總統吳登盛(Thein Sein)叫停了中方支持的耗資37億美元修建一座水電大壩的項目，這是較近一段時間內對兩國關係打擊最大的一起事件。該項目本可爲中國提供電力。

Protests in November led to the temporary suspension of a Chinese-backed copper-mine project. Talks on a multibillion-dollar railway linking Myanmar's west coast with Kunming in southern China also have been put on hold.

去年11月的抗議活動導致中國支持的一個銅礦項目被暫時擱置。此外，中緬雙方曾計劃斥資數十億美元修建一條連接緬甸西部沿海與中國南部城市昆明的鐵路，但相關談判也已擱置。

Last week, state-run China Mobile Ltd. -2.25% said it had pulled out of bidding for telecommunications licenses in Myanmar in a consortium with the U.K.'s Vodafone Group +1.83% PLC, saying the opportunity didn't 'meet the internal investment criteria.'

上週，中國國營企業中國移動(China Mobile Ltd.)說，已經放棄和英國巨頭沃達豐(Vodafone Group)聯手競標緬甸電信牌照，理由是這一機會不滿足內部投資標準。

Myanmar reported that Chinese companies invested $407 million in the country in the fiscal year through March 31, down from $4.35 billion and $8.27 billion in the previous two years, respectively. Chinese investors accounted for 29% of Myanmar's total foreign investment during the period.

緬甸報告說，中國企業在截至3月31日的這一財年中對緬甸的投資爲4.07億美元，而相比之下，此前兩年分別爲43.5億美元和82.7億美元。在這一期間內，中國投資者佔緬甸外商投資總量的29%。

The anti-Chinese protests and escalating violence between ethnic separatist rebels and government troops in northeastern Myanmar near the Chinese border have become a concern for Beijing, said Zhao Hong, a Chinese professor who is a visiting research fellow at the National University of Singapore.

新加坡國立大學(National University of Singapore)的訪問學者、中國教授趙洪（音）說，反華抗議以及民族分裂主義反對派和政府軍之間在緬甸東北部（靠近中國邊境）不斷升級的暴力已經令北京感到擔憂。

Two Myanmar nationals working as subcontractors for China National Petroleum Corp. on the oil and gas pipelines were killed last month after rebels opened fire at a compound near the Chinese border.

中國石油天然氣集團公司(China National Petroleum Corp.)油氣管道項目的兩名緬甸分包商上個月被殺，之前叛亂者朝靠近中國邊境的一處設施開火。

'The Chinese government has warned its companies to be more cautious about investing in Myanmar. They have become more unsure about the future of the country,' Mr. Hong said. Uncertainty over the political reforms and the tensions have had a chilling effect on Chinese investment in Myanmar, he said. 'Only state-owned companies dare to go, and even they won't put money into big projects now.'

趙洪說，中國政府已經警告其公司投資緬甸時要更加謹慎。他們對於該國的未來愈加不確定。他說，關於政治改革和緊張形勢的不確定性使得中國對緬甸的投資出現降溫。他說，只有國有企業敢於去那裏投資，而且就連這樣的企業現在也不敢將資金投入大型項目。

The drop in Chinese investment caused total foreign investment in Myanmar to fall to $1.42 billion in past fiscal year from $4.64 billion and $20 billion in the two previous years, according to the government.

緬甸政府的數據顯示，中國投資額的下降導致緬甸上一財年的外國投資總額下降到14.2億美元，此前兩年分別爲46.4億美元和200億美元。

Most of the overall foreign investment in the country in the past year was in manufacturing, power generation, oil and gas projects, and the hotel-and-tourism sector.

過去一年在緬甸的外國投資大多是在製造、發電、油氣項目以及酒店和旅遊業方面。

Still, China remains Myanmar's largest trading partner. Myanmar imported $175 million of Chinese goods in March─mainly machinery, base metals and transportation equipment─making up nearly a third of total imports for the month.

然而中國仍然是緬甸最大的貿易伙伴。今年3月，緬甸進口了價值1.75億美元的中國商品，主要是機械設備、賤金屬和運輸裝備，佔當月進口總額近三分之一。